International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 273 Vol.8; Issue: 1; January 2018 International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Review Article Health Effects of Air Pollution among Residents of Delhi: A Systematic Review Palak Balyan 1 , Chirashree Ghosh 2 , Arun Kumar Sharma 3 , B.D. Banerjee 4 1 Research Scholar, 2 Associate Professor, Environmental Pollution Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi-110007, India 3 Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 4 Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi-110095, India Corresponding Author: Palak Balyan ABSTRACT Background: Air pollution is increasingly documented as a threat to public health and recognized as an important and modifiable determinate of respiratory diseases in urban environment. Differences in vulnerability and susceptibility due to different population characteristic, may affect the risk of developing a health effect and its severity. The present study evaluates scientific literature on air pollution, and its health effects on population of Delhi to identify the risk of exposure. This comprehensive review summarizes the limitations and gaps in recent studies and recommends some suggestions for future research. Methodology: PubMed and Google Scholar were rigorously searched for finding out research studies pertaining to air pollution and health effects in Delhi, India. All together, 13 studies from 1998 to 2017 were reviewed to understand the status of air quality and its adverse effect on human health. Findings: Air quality of Delhi was detrimental to human health and kept on deteriorating with time. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and various other pollutants were above the recommended standard. Adverse health effects (coughing, wheezing, Hypertension etc.) has shown positive association with air pollutants, specifically with particulate matter. A more comprehensive research construing long term effect of air pollution on human health is thus, warranted for advocating policy or guidelines for measuring and understanding the harmful effects and also for the control of air pollution. Keywords: Air Pollution; Public Health; Health Effects; Delhi; India INTRODUCTION Delhi, the capital city of India, is inhabitants of approximately 16.7 million people. [1] It is also the third largest urban agglomeration in the world. Delhi is ranked among the most polluted cities in the world. [2] The primary contributors to air pollution in Delhi are both natural and anthropogenic like industrial units, vehicular emission, road dust, tire pads, construction activities etc. [3] Delhi has approximately nine lakh registered industrial establishments. [4] Central pollution Control Board had noted many of the establishment had idle pollution control devices and short chimney. [3] Transport sectors contributes around three fourth of pollutants in air of Delhi. [5] Vehicular sources alone generate more than 3000 metric tons of pollutants per day. [6] Delhi, with a lit tle over 1% of India’s population, is home to a 10% of the vehicular load of the country. [7] The motor vehicle fleet was 9.6 million in the year 2015. [8] The number of vehicles per kilometer of road in Delhi has gone up from