1 1 Controls on the development and termination 2 of failed continental rifts: Insights from the 3 crustal structure and rifting style of the North 4 Sea via ambient noise tomography 5 6 7 E. Crowder 1,* , N. Rawlinson 2 , D. G. Cornwell 1 , C. Sammarco 1 , E. Galetti 4 , A. Curtis 3,4 8 9 10 11 12 13 This manuscript is a preprint and has been submitted for publication in Earth and 14 Planetary Science Letters (EPSL). Please note that, not having undergone peer-review, the 15 manuscript has yet to be formally accepted for publication. Subsequent versions of this 16 manuscript may have slightly different content. If accepted, the final version of this 17 manuscript will be available via the ‘Peer-reviewed Publication DOI’ link on the right-hand 18 side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the authors; we welcome feedback 19 20 21