Journal of Otorhinolaryngology & Facial Plastic Surgery Vol: 2017; e7. This open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0). Copyright © 2017 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. www.journals.sbmu.ac.ir/otolaryngology Original Article Detection of helicobacter pylori in pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy Najmeh Doustmohammadian 1 , Navid Danaei 2 , Nooshin Rahimi 3 , Raheb Ghorbani 4 , Mahbobeh Oroei 5* 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2 Department of Pediatric, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 3 Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 4 Department of Community Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 5 Hearing Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Article Info Abstract Received:June 2017 Accepted: Sep 2017 Publish:Oct 2017 Corresponding Author: Mahbobeh Oroei Email: dr.oroei@gmail.com Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Adenotonsillar hypertrophy, Urea breath test, Rapid urease test Background: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the most prevalent causes of upper airway obstruction in pediatric patients. Recent studies have shown contradictory findings about helicobacter pylori colonization in adenotonsilar tissue and its role on adenotonsilar hypertrophy. According to this, we decided to investigate relationship between helicobacter pylori colonization and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Methods: This is a comparative study in otorhinolaryngology department of Amir Almoemenin hospital in Semnan. In this study, pediatric patients with adenotosillar hypertrophy (n=50) were compared with control group (n=50) in terms of H. pylori colonization in adenotonsillar tissue. All of them were examined by urease breath test (UBT). Adenoid and tonsil biopsy specimens (in 30 patients with adenotonsilectomy) were collected and underwent the RUT for investigating colonization of Helicobacter pylori. Results: Fourteen percent of patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and 20% of control were found helicobacter pylori infection. There was no significant association between helicobacter pylori and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (odds ratio: 0.65 with confidence interval: 0.2-2.09). Conclusion: This study showed lack of relationship between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and Helicobacter pylori. However, more studies and samples are needed to provide a definitive judgment. Cite this article that: Najmeh Doustmohammadian, Navid Danaei, Nooshin Rahimi, Raheb Ghorbani, Mahbobeh Oroei, Detection of helicobacter pylori in pediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, Journal of Otorhinolaryngology & Facial Plastic Surgery. 2017; 2017; e7. Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram- negative bacterium that uses main enzymes such as urease, catalase and lipase cause chronic infection in gastrointestinal mucosa (1, 2). Epidemiologically, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is different worldwide. In developing countries are higher than developed countries (3). The method of H. pylori detection are various, which include directly investigate on tissue sample: Histology, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction, indirectly methods: serological tests and urea breath test (3, 4, 5). Recently, multiple studies have showed that the oropharynx can be a reservoir for H. pylori and this microorganism may colonize on tonsillar and adenoid tissues (6, 7). Adenotonsillar tissue is a part of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue (6). Hypertrophy of this tissue can cause recurrent tonsillitis and airway obstruction that may indicate adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. These surgeries are the most common major operations that were done on pediatric patients (8). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and H. pylori colonization in this site. Patients and Methods This comparative study was conducted at otorhinolaryngology department of Amir Almomenin hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. The ethic committee of Semnan University of Medical