JID:EPSL AID:14402 /SCO [m5G; v1.213; Prn:24/04/2017; 15:51] P.1(1-12) Earth and Planetary Science Letters ••• (••••) •••–••• Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Glacial/interglacial changes of Southern Hemisphere wind circulation from the geochemistry of South American dust Stefania Gili a , Diego M. Gaiero a,∗ , Steven L. Goldstein b,c , Farid Chemale Jr. d , Jason Jweda b,c , Michael R. Kaplan b , Raúl A. Becchio e , Edinei Koester f a CICTERRA-CONICET/FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina b Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA d Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil e Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina f Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 14 December 2016 Received in revised form 23 March 2017 Accepted 2 April 2017 Available online xxxx Editor: M. Frank Keywords: Southern westerly winds dust REE radiogenic isotopes South America Antarctica The latitudinal displacement of the southern westerlies and associated climate systems is a key parameter for understanding the variations of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during the Late Quaternary Period. To increase understanding of past atmospheric circulation and of the paleo- environmental conditions associated with continental dust sources, we dig deeper into dust provenance in paleo-archives of the Southern Hemisphere. We present here a Sr–Nd isotopic and rare earth element study of surface sediments collected along a ∼4000 km latitudinal band from arid and semi-arid terrains in southern South America. Findings from terrains that served as paleo-dust suppliers are compared with modern dust collected from monitoring stations along the same latitudinal band, which affords a test on how actual present-day aeolian compositions compare to those of the past potential source areas. Moreover, the comparison between past and present-day datasets is useful for understanding present- day atmospheric circulation. Armed with a new comprehensive dataset, we revise previous interpretations of the provenance of dust trapped in the Antarctic ice and sediments deposited in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. These comparisons support multiple source regions in southern South America that changed with climates. The findings reveal that, although Patagonia plays an important role in contributing dust to the higher latitudes, central Western Argentina and (to a lesser extent) the southern Puna region also emerge as potentially important dust sources during glacial times. The southern Altiplano appears to be a major contributor during interglacial periods as well. We rely in part on an understanding of modern wind–dust activities to conclude that the possible presence of southern South America source regions – other than Patagonia – in East Antarctic ice is consistent with an overall equatorward displacement during glacial times of both the mid-latitude westerlies and the subtropical jet stream. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Southern South America (SSA) is of particular interest for pa- leoclimate studies because it is the only land-mass intersecting the zonal circulation of both the southern westerly winds (SWW, ∼50 ◦ S), and the high altitude subtropical jet stream (STJ, ∼30 ◦ S). The reconstruction of the position and strength of the SWW has particular importance given its interaction with the Southern * Corresponding author. E-mail address: diego.gaiero@unc.edu.ar (D.M. Gaiero). Ocean is a major driver of regional and global climate (e.g. Tog- gweiler et al., 2006; Anderson et al., 2014). Also important are changes in location, intensity, or altitude of the STJ, which can pro- mote variations in the frequency and intensity of storms (Archer and Caldeira, 2008), and thus can modulate the wetter–dry cy- cles of specific regions such as the Puna–Altiplano region. During glacial/interglacial cycles, these wind systems change their strength and latitudinal positions, affecting their capacity for erosion and transport of mineral dust from their sources to depositional areas in downwind marine and terrestrial environments, where dust is archived. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.007 0012-821X/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.