Advances in Applied NanoBio-Technologies 2024, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages: 1-8 1 Protein Engineering by Artificial Intelligence: Impact on Future Medicine and Biotechnology Ahmad Gholami 1,2* 1 Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Received: 28/03/2024 Accepted: 11/04/2024 Published: 20/06/2024 Abstract Proteins are large biological macromolecules that play crucial roles in different cellular processes. Artificial intelligence (AI) can overcome problems of classical biomolecular modeling and simulations and help accelerate the design process. AI-based enzymes are functional under conditions not previously recognized and could effectively catalyze a second reaction. The present research seeks to develop such approaches to better understand the potential problems that may exist in nature and control enzyme activity in biomolecular contexts. Keywords: Proteins; Engineering; Biotechnology; Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction Proteins are significant in modern science and medicine and represent over 70% of all drug targets. By changing or modifying their properties, the usefulness of proteins can be dramatically increased. This maintains the field of protein engineering as the ultimate goal of meeting demands in healthcare and biotechnology [1]. However, it is necessary to deal with the complexity of protein structures and an enormous number of their possible combinations. Therefore, expensive and time-consuming experiments must often be conducted without guaranteeing success. The performance of protein molecular modeling enhanced by the development of artificial intelligence represents an essential prerequisite for designing, improving, or discovering new properties of proteins [2, 3]. Artificial intelligence (AI) can overcome problems of classical biomolecular modeling and simulations and help accelerate the design process [4]. Moreover, AI-based enzymes are functional under conditions not previously recognized and could effectively catalyze a second reaction. .____________________ *Correspondence: Ahmad Gholami; Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Email: gholami@sums.ac.ir The present research seeks to develop such approaches to better understand the potential problems that may exist in nature and control enzyme activity in biomolecular contexts. Success in protein engineering will further drive drug discovery and significantly impact future medicine, biotechnology, and food sciences. 2 Fundamentals of Protein Engineering Proteins are large biological macromolecules that play crucial roles in different cellular processes. The structure of a protein is closely related to its function and vastly determines its behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of protein structure-function relationships is required to design proteins with desirable activity. Protein engineering aims to develop genetic tools to produce proteins with superior characteristics as candidate therapeutics, industrial, or research reagents. This concept has powerfully attracted the attention of researchers in the past few decades. A protein can be smartly designed or modified at different levels, including adding, deleting, or mutating a few amino acid residues, generating hybrid proteins, increasing tolerance over extreme conditions, and Adv. Appl. NanoBio Tech. ISSN: 2710-4001