Plant Science Today, ISSN 2348-1900 (online) OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 18 December 2022 Accepted: 10 May 2023 Available online Version 1.0 : 24 June 2023 Additional information Peer review: Publisher thanks Sectional Editor and the other anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Reprints & permissions information is avail- able at https://horizonepublishing.com/ journals/index.php/PST/open_access_policy Publisher’s Note: Horizon e-Publishing Group remains neutral with regard to jurisdic- tional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Indexing: Plant Science Today, published by Horizon e-Publishing Group, is covered by Scopus, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Clarivate Analytics, NAAS, UGC Care, etc See https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/ index.php/PST/indexing_abstracting Copyright: © The Author(s). This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/) CITE THIS ARTICLE Rit R, Choudhury D, Mukherjee C, Dutta S. Investigation on microfloral association in the roots of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., a medicinally important tropical pulse-crop and their possible applications for crop im- provement: A review. Plant Science Today (Early Access). https://doi.org/10.14719/ pst.2307 Abstract Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., an economically important medicinal plant belongs to the Leguminosae family. Being Afro-Asian origin, the plant has long tradition of uses. It is primarily used for its antiurolithiatic property although it has other medicinal uses. Being Leguminosae member, this plant can form rhizobial nodules and mycorrhizal associations. The rhizobia obtained from this plant are mostly belonged to Bradyrhizobium sp. Although, Rhizobium pusence has also been reported. Microbes as bioferti- lizers can be used to increase yield of this plant, as well as there is great po- tential for utilizing the microbes derived from this plant. In this review we aim to describe the plant M. uniflorum - its taxonomic characteristics, eco- nomic uses, putative active constituents, and beneficial microflora along with their applications. Keywords Antiurolithiatic property, beneficial microflora, Macrotyloma uniflorum, putative active constituents Introduction Plant Material Kidney stone is one of the common diseases that affect humankind from immemorable past, as early as 4800 BCE Egyptian mummies (1) and it can affect the renal system by various extent. It is known to affect about 10% to 12% of the population (1, 2). Calcium oxalate is the most common type of kidney stone (1). Calcium oxalate or Calcium-oxalate-phosphate crystals account for about 80% of cases, while Calcium phosphate crystals account for less than 5%, Uric acid accounts for about 10%, Struvite accounts for about 10% and Cysteine accounts for less than 1% (1, 3). There have been arguments about some disadvantage in use of synthetic drugs and other treatment methods that may be overcome with help of herbal medicine or natural products (1). A broad range of plants or plant – based chemical ex- tracts including flavonoids, phenolics, steroidal saponins etc (1) are known to have some degree of antiurolithic activities (2). However, Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. is traditionally well known for antiurolithic activity of its seed infusions (1, 3, 4-10). Additionally, the plant M. uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. has many other medicinal activities including anti- hypercholesterolemic, antioxidative, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, anti -obesity, anti-hypersensitive (8, 10) which are discussed in Fig. 1. REVIEW ARTICLE PLANT SCIENCE TODAY ISSN 2348-1900 (online) Vol x(x): xx–xx https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2307 HORIZON e-Publishing Group Investigation on microfloral association in the roots of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., a medicinally important tropical pulse-crop and their possible applications for crop improvement: A review Rajarshi Rit, Debapriya Choudhury, Chandrama Mukherjee & Sikha Dutta* Applied and Molecular Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, CAS Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman 713 104, West Bengal, India *Email: sikha.bu.academia@gmail.com