International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol. 13, No. 4, December 2024, pp. 1864~1871 ISSN: 2252-8806, DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.23702  1864 Journal homepage: http://ijphs.iaescore.com Risk factors and trends analysis of unwanted pregnancy in Indonesia Supriyadi 1 , Tris Eryando 2 , Purnawan Junadi 2 1 Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Aug 1, 2023 Revised Apr 4, 2024 Accepted Apr 24, 2024 Unwanted pregnancy has serious and adverse health, social, and economic impacts, as well as the risk of maternal and child mortality. In Indonesia, unwanted pregnancy is one of the most troubling public health problems and a major reproductive health problem. The sample consisted of 2002 (12,612), 2007 (14,471), 2012 (14,212), and 2017 (8,838), so the total sample was 50,233 couples of childbearing age by random sample method. This study was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Unintended pregnancies were associated with maternal age, age at first marriage, number of children, maternal education, contraceptive use, contraceptive failure, residence, and the interval between pregnancies. Unwanted pregnancies at the mother's vulnerable age have increased over the past 10 years and decreased after entering the last 5 years, tend to be stable and constant at the age of first marriage. About one and a half women in Indonesia encounter unwanted pregnancies. Unwanted pregnancies fluctuate over 20 years. Women, especially the most vulnerable should be empowered to avoid unwanted pregnancies for their awareness and independence. Programs to expand access and quality of information and counseling centers, access and quality of women's health services, and specific reproductive health services as needed. Keywords: Family planning services Indonesia national survey Reproductive health Risk factors Unwanted pregnancy This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Supriyadi Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Central Java, Indonesia Email: priyadiputra@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Indonesia's population growth rate reached 1.22% in 2020. That is higher than the previous decade's growth rate of 1.45 percent. Referring to the growth above, it is estimated that there are 4-5 million babies born every year in Indonesia, or equivalent to the population of Singapore. In 2022, the population growth rate is targeted at 1.17% [1]. One factor contributing to the population surge is the number of unwanted pregnancies. An unwanted pregnancy is a pregnancy that is not timely, unplanned, or desired at conception [2]. In the world, 45% of pregnancies from 2008 to 2011 and 38% of births from 2017 to 2019 [3]. According to the conducted studies, 120 million women in developing countries have unwanted pregnancies because of not using family planning methods, this means that one out of five pregnancies is unwanted [4]. Unintended pregnancy predisposes women to several risk factors such as unsafe abortion, maternal death, malnutrition, mental illness, and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to children [5]. There is a growing body of evidence regarding the adverse health, economic, societal, and developmental consequences of unintended pregnancies [6]. Unintended pregnancy was positively associated with a low level of education, poverty, multiparity, rural residence, extreme ages, being unmarried, lack of decision- making power, inaccessibility of health facilities, poor knowledge, and non-use of contraceptives, and reduced abortion and stress [7].