Incidence and Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Analysis from the German Transcatheter Aortic Valve Interventions Registry Jakob Ledwoch, 1 Jennifer Franke, 1 MD, Ulrich Gerckens, 2 MD, Karl-Heinz Kuck, 3 MD, Axel Linke, 4 MD, Georg Nickenig, 5 MD,J€ urgen Kr € ulls-M€ unch, 6 MD, Matthias V € ohringer, 7 MD, Rainer Hambrecht, 8 MD, Raimund Erbel, 9 MD, Gert Richardt, 10 MD, Martin Horack, 11 Ralf Zahn, 12 MD, Jochen Senges, 11 MD, and Horst Sievert, 1 * MD, on behalf of the German Transcatheter Aortic Valve Interventions Registry Investigators Objectives: To determine predictors of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation up to 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in a prospective multicenter registry. Background: Conduction disorders requiring PPM implantation are one of the most common complications seen after TAVI. Knowledge about possible predictors may help to decrease the rate of PPM implantations. Methods: In total, 1347 consecu- tive patients who underwent TAVI in 22 centers were prospectively enrolled in the Ger- man transcatheter aortic valve interventions registry. Both Medtronic CoreValve TM and Edwards Sapien TM valves were implanted. Patients with preprocedurally implanted PPM or implantable cardioverter defibrillator were excluded from the analysis (n 5 199). Regression analysis of baseline and procedure characteristics of the remaining 1,147 patients was performed. Results: Procedural success was achieved in 97.4% of the cases. The rate for PPM after TAVI was 33.7%. The absence of prior valve surgery, the use of Medtronic CoreValve TM prosthesis and the presence of a porcelain aorta were identified as independent predictors for PPM after TAVI. Mortality at 30 days did not differ between patients with or without PPM necessity (6.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively; HR 0.72; CI (0.45–1.16); P 5 0.17). Conclusions: PPM is a common postprocedure require- ment after TAVI. The absence of prior valve surgery, the implantation of Medtronic 1 CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany 2 Klinik f€ ur Kardiologie, Helios Klinikum, Siegburg, Germany 3 Hanseatisches Herzzentrum, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg, Germany 4 Herzzentrum, Universit€ at Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 5 Universit€ atsklinikum Bonn, Med Klinik und Poliklinik II, Bonn, Germany 6 Sana-Herzzentrum Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany 7 Abteilung f€ ur Kardiologie, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stutt- gart, Germany 8 Herzzentrum, Klinikum Bremen, Bremen, Germany 9 Westdeutsches Herzzentrum Essen, Universit€ atsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany 10 Herzzentrum, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany 11 Institut f€ ur Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany 12 Abteilung f€ ur Kardiologie, Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Lud- wigshafen, Germany Conflict of interest: Jakob Ledwoch: none; Jennifer Franke: none; Ulrich Gerckens: proctor for Medtronic and speaker honoraries from Medtronic; Karl-Heinz Kuck: research grants from Biosense Web- ster, Stereotaxis, Medtronic and consultant to St. Jude, Biosense Webster and Stereotaxis; Axel Linke: consultant for Medtronic; Georg Nickenig: none; J€urgen Kr€ulls-M€unch: none; Matthias V€ohringer: none; Rainer Hambrecht: none; Raimund Erbel: none; Gert Richardt: none; Martin Horack: none; Ralf Zahn: none; Jochen Senges: none; Horst Sievert: Study honorary, travel expenses, con- sulting fees from Access Closure, AGA, Angiomed, Ardian, Arsta- sis, Atritech, Atrium, Avinger, Bard, Boston Scientific, Bridgepoint, CardioKinetix, CardioMEMS, Coherex, Contego, CSI, EndoCross, EndoTex, Epitek, Evalve, ev3, FlowCardia, Gore, Guidant, Lumen Biomedical, HLT, Kensey Nash, Kyoto Medical, Lifetech, Lutonix, Medinol, Medtronic, NDC, NMT, OAS, Occlutech, Osprey, Ovalis, Pathway, PendraCare, Percardia, pfm Medical, Recor, Rox Medical, Sadra, Sorin, Spectranetics, SquareOne, Trireme, Trivascular, Via- cor, Velocimed, Veryan; Stock options from Cardiokinetix, Access Closure, Velocimed, CoAptus, Lumen Biomedical, Coherex. *Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Horst Sievert, CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Seckbacher Landstrasse 65, 60389 Frankfurt, Germany. E-mail: info@cvcfrankfurt.de Received 7 November 2012; Revision accepted 3 March 2013 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24915 Published online 8 March 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wiley onlinelibrary.com). VC 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 82:E569–E577 (2013)