СХІДНІ МОВИ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ. 1(29)/2023 ~ 43 ~
ISSN 1728-242х (Print), ISSN 2786-5983 (Online)
УДК 811.512.161:81'366.55
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-242X.2023.29.07
Ganna SPOTAR-AYAR, PhD (Philol.) Assoc. Prof.
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2861-6339
e-mail: spotar@knu.com
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Mariana TSVYD, Master of Arts (Philol.)
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-4307-0618
e-mail: tsvyd.mariana@gmail.com
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
TERM CONCEPTS FOR DISABILITY: SPECIFICS OF NOMINATION,
FUNCTIONING AND TRANSLATION (BASED ON MATERIALS OF TURKISH)
Background. In linguistics only few works are dedicated to the study of the vocabulary to denote people with
disabilities in the Turkish language (Y. Şişman, M. Öztürk, Z. Baykan, A. Demir, A. Efe), just as there are few specialized works in
this filed in Ukrainian linguistics, who describe in their studies the problem of terminological irregularity and the lack of terms
approved at the state level to denote disability. The relevance of this study is due to the need to popularize the principles of
barrier-free society and inclusiveness, the large request for the translation of texts of rehabilitation and treatment, as well as the
revitalization of relations between Ukraine and Turkey in these spheres.
Methods. During the course of the study over two hundred term concepts used to denote disability and rehabilitation
terms functioning from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21th century were analyzed with the complex methodology
including methods of cognitive linguistics and sociolinguistic approach, the method of contextual analysis and the method of
dictionary definitions analysis.
Results. The terminology on disabilities in modern Turkish has disorganization that can be explained by such factors as:
simultaneous usage of Turkish and foreign lexemes (Arabic Persian, English, French, Latin), euphemization of terms, orientation to
international standards and agreements and, as a result, use of English lexemes etc. The vocabulary of international agreements and
national legislation was found to differ in some cases. Quick formation of negative connotation is the main influencing factor on the
terminology formation process and results in creation of a new replacing term without negative meaning.
Conclusions. Summarizing the main difficult issues in translation we suggest to use the complex of methods and
approaches, translation tactics and strategies to help for choosing an equivalent according to the type of discourse, such as
using WHO classification for translation of medical documentation, taking into account the requirements of the legislation in
force and amendments to it for official documents, being careful using periphrastic explanations, making the person as the main
concept but not their characteristic. Adaptation for correctness is essential when translating social texts, advertising, fiction,
excessive euphemization of concepts should be avoided when working with any type of text and terms for disability.
Keywords: impairment, inclusiveness, term, terminological concepts, terms for disability, person with disability,
the Turkish language.
Background
The study of the terminology and its various aspects
and characteristics by scholars of language has been the
leading scientific interest of many scientists for decades.
There are many works dedicated to studies of
terminological irregularity, the phenomenon of synonymy,
the search for equivalents, or inventory and unification of
terminological devices of various fields.
The relevance of this study is due to the need to
popularize the principles of barrier-free society and
inclusiveness, the large request for the translation of texts
of rehabilitation and treatment, as well as the revitalization
of Ukraine and Turkey in these spheres.
The aim of our article is comprehensive study of term
concepts for disability in modern Turkish, connotation they
express in different discourses, the specifics of their
functioning, and to specify translation methods that allow
finding suitable equivalents for such terms.
Literature review. Active scientific studies of the term
began only in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century and as a
result a branch known as terminology was formed in
linguistics, the official founder of which is considered to be
the German scientist O. Wüster. The catalyst for this shift
was the rapid emergence of new terms as a result of the
rapid development of science (Diakov et al., 2000, p. 5). At
the same time, a need to study terminological systems
occurred, so most of the works on terminology in the
middle of the 20th century focused on arrangement of
terminological systems and formation and compilation of
dictionaries of various fields. During the 90s of the 20th
century, a branch known as linguistic conceptology, which
includes cognitive terminology, was formed. The
characteristic feature of cognitive terminology is the
combination of the established traditional term theories
together with the acquired features of interdisciplinary,
openness, asystemicity, polyparadigmality, anthropocentrism,
and synergism (Petrova, 2020, p. 97). This branch of
linguistic research generally considers language as the
most important cognitive ability of a person, which is
closely related to the characteristic of his/her thinking and
activity. Therefore, studying the term formation process from
this perspective gives us an understanding that it is the
person who forms the meaning of language units and
chooses means for interpreting different situations. This is
explained by the fact that language is the result and tool of
cognition, i.e. scientific and ordinary cognition, which is
practically implemented in the processes of categorization
and conceptualization of the world (Doskach, 2018, p. 32).
Sociocognitive terminology was developed by the Belgian
researcher R. Temmerman (Temmerman, 2000). The
communicative theory of terminology was developed by
M. T. Cabre Castelvi (Cabre, 1999), a representative of the
Spanish school. According to this theory, language units for
special purposes are multidimensional and include cognitive,
linguistic and socio-communicative components. The
researcher suggests considering the terms as "sets of
conditions" and as an example gives the concept of a
polyhedron with three dimensions: cognitive, linguistic and
communicative (Petrova, 2020, p. 97). The scientific
interest of modern researchers who study the process of
© Spotar-Ayar Ganna, Tsvyd Mariana, 2023