S. Yamamoto (Ed.): HIMI 2014, Part II, LNCS 8522, pp. 273–283, 2014.
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Advancement and Application of Unmanned Aerial
System Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) Technology
Brent A. Terwilliger
1
, David C. Ison
1
, Dennis A. Vincenzi
1
, and Dahai Liu
2
1
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
{brent.terwilliger,david.ison,dennis.vincenzi}@erau.edu
2
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Daytona Beach, FL, United States
Dahai.liu@erau.edu
Abstract. Interface designs native to handheld control and feedback devices
(e.g., smartphones and tablets) are becoming more accessible within the small
unmanned aerial system (sUAS) community due to increased usage in remote
control (R/C) model aircraft platforms [33], improved processing to cost [4], and
increased interoperability supporting custom development and programming [2],
[33]. These smaller, power efficient control systems have the potential to change
the paradigm of sUAS control to be more aligned with semi-autonomous
operations based on their innate ability to provide intuitive user interactions [44],
low cost, reduction of latency effects on control, and improved real-time
configuration and data measurement [33]. The objective of this study is to
identify common themes in the advancement and application of human-machine-
interface technologies in UAS control. This paper proposes to review available
literature, associated technology designs, and identify how the UAS community
can best leverage this technology and interaction concepts to support safe and
efficient operations of UAS.
Keywords: Human-Machine Interface, HMI, Unmanned Aerial System, UAS,
sUAS, UAV, Intelligent, Intuitive, and Innovative (I
3
) design.
1 Introduction
1.1 Current State of UAS HMI
The unmanned systems industry, specifically the UAS market, has been experiencing
significant growth in the last three years due to maturation and advances in related
technology, increased application opportunities, and availability of key components
and materials [18], [48], [49]. Historically, this market has been supported by
military/DoD needs [1], [6], [48]. However, with the Congressional mandates
identified in the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, opportunities for civil
and commercial use have begun to increase [6], [14], [48]. The domestic economic
impact of integration of UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS), as mandated
by Congress, is expected to exceed $13.6B between 2015 to 2017, reaching more than
$82.1B by 2025 [5]. While government customers are anticipated to continue
providing the largest source of economic support and growth in the near term, the