GLAS-PPE/2011-18 October 2011 SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy Experimental Particle Physics Group Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Telephone: +44 (0)141 330 2000 Fax: +44 (0)141 330 5881 Active Pixel Sensors for Direct Detection of Soft X-rays Andrew Blue 1 , R. Bates 1 , A. Clark 3 , S.S Dhesi 2 , D Maneuski 1 , J. Marchal 2 , P. Steadman 2 , G. Stewart 1 , N. Tartoni 3 , R. Turchetta 3 1 SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland 2 Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK OX11 0DE 3 STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK OX11 0QX Abstract The imaging of soft X-ray images is typically performed with charge coupled devices (CCDs). However, these can have limited readout speed, dynamic range and can also require significant cooling to obtain the required signal to noise ratio. Active pixel sensors (APS) are able to combine faster readout speeds and higher dynamic range with in-pixel intelligence to allow region of interest readout and adaptive gain. To obtain high detection efficiency and 100% pixel fill factor the sensor is back thinned and illuminated from the backside. We report on the characterization of a back-thinned APS (Vanilla); an array of 512 x 512 pixels of size 25 x 25 microns. The sensor has a 12-bit digital output for full frame mode, as well as being able to be readout in a fully programmable Region-Of-Interest (ROI) analogue mode. In full frame, the sensor can operate at a readout rate of more than 100 frames per second. Characterization of the detector was carried out through the analysis of photon transfer curves to yield measurements of the full well capacity, noise levels, gain constants and device linearity. Spectral response measurements were made to show the improvement in detection efficiency using a backthinned sensor. A typical synchrotron experiment was performed at the Diamond Light Source (DLS) using Soft X-rays ( 700eV) to produce a diffraction pattern from a permalloy sample. The pattern was imaged at a range of frame rates, up to 20Hz, and a range of temperatures for both a back-thinned Vanilla and a Princeton PIXIS-XO: 2048B CCD. The results of which are compared. The detection efficiency of the APS is shown to be comparable to the CCD for a given frame rate (0.1Hz), with similar noise levels. We suggest that the back-thinned APS are a viable technology choice for the direct detection of soft X-rays for synchrotron applications. 11th International Conference on Positional Sensitive Detectors Aberystwyth, Wales