Copyright © 2023 the Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the creative commons attribution License 4.0, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Introduction
Population growth, continuous industrial development,
construction of infrastructure and house-building activities
create huge amounts of construction and demolition (C and D)
waste and hence, the dire need for waste recycling. The
construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources
and the global aggregate production almost doubled from 21
billion tons in 2007 to 40 billion tons in 2014. Countries such
as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Gulf States,
Turkey, Russia, Brazil and Mexico have recorded some of the
strongest increases in the demand for waste recycling. Hence,
the progressive depletion of natural resources and growing
awareness of sustainable waste management by developed and
emerging economies, have given ever-increasing relevance to
recycling and re-using C and D waste in civil engineering
projects [1]. The replacement of aging infrastructures and
buildings results in large quantities of construction waste,
especially concrete waste. Concrete waste generated from
demolition work contains many aggregates. Because
aggregates occupy the majority of the concrete volume, it is
reasonable to investigate reusing the aggregates from concrete
waste to create new concrete [2-4]. Recycled coarse aggregates
(RCA) have been used in many laboratory experiments [5-7].
Due to the potential economic and environmental benefits,
interest in technology for processing waste concrete and the
use of RCA is rapidly increasing [8], [9]. The advantages of
using RCAs include a reduction in the use of natural coarse
aggregate (NCA) resources and a decrease in the amount of
waste disposed of in landfills, thereby diminishing
environmental pollution. Despite the high demand, RCAs are
primarily used in road bases and nonstructural concrete. Only
a small percentage of RCAs are used in structural concrete
because the quality of RCAs is less reliable than that of NCA.
Comprehensive experimental research has been performed to
assess the properties of both NCA and RCA concrete at the
material level [10-15].
Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are made of natural
aggregates (NA) and cement mortar adhered to the latter. The
main difference between the two types of aggregates is the
presence of cement mortar in RCA. This mortar increases the
RCA’s surface roughness, porosity and water absorption
compared to NA, but decreases their mechanical properties
[16]. The incorporation of RCA in concrete, due to their higher
water absorption, requires a higher apparent water/cement
ratio in order to keep workability constant. This procedure can
affect the properties of concrete, moreover when the
replacement ratio of NA by RCA increases and the fine
fraction of the aggregates is replaced [16], [17]. The
compressive strength, the tensile strength and, even more, the
modulus of elasticity tend to decrease with the incorporation
of RCA [18], [19]. The durability, shrinkage and creep of
concrete are also usually negatively affected by the
incorporation of RCA [20], [21]. However, some studies have
reported lower cracking loads and wider cracks in elements
made of recycled aggregate concrete [24]. According to
Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 1, (2023), 26-32
Original Article
Journal homepage: www.bjes.edu.iq
ISSN (Online): 23118385, ISSN (Print): 18146120
Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Core Slabs
Cast with Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Recycled
Concrete as Coarse Aggregate
Mustafa Raheem Hassan
1,
*, Jamal Abdulsamad Khudhair
2
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
E-mail addresses: mostafa_rheem90@yahoo.com , jamal.khudhair@uobasrah.edu.iq
Received: 17 July 2022; Accepted: 9 November 2022; Published: 2 July 2023
Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of recycled aggregate use in concrete slabs with hollow cores. The main variables considered in the
experimental study for the slabs were the recycled aggregate percentage and the hollow core number. Six slabs with dimensions of (1000 ×
500 × 120) mm was fabricated and tested. The results showed that the addition of recycled aggregate in the concrete slabs affected the ultimate
strength, ductility, and energy absorption of the concrete members. An increase of the recycled aggregate percentage to 25 % decreased the
ultimate strength capacity by 3.54 %, but the increase of recycled aggregate to 50 % led to a decrease in the ultimate strength of about 6.64%.
The existence of a hollow core reduced the cracking and ultimate load capacity of the RCA slabs, and this reduction was according to the core
number which the fabrication of more cores caused more decrement.
The ductility and energy absorption were decreased when the replacement ratio of the recycled aggregate increased. Also, the core number
affected the ductility and energy absorption. The energy absorption was the most property affected by the core number increase which caused
an average reduction of 71.5 % when the core number increased from two to three hollow cores.
Keywords: Hollow-core slabs, Self-compacting concrete (SCC), Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).
© 2023 The Authors. Published by the University of Basrah. Open-access article.
https://doi.org/10.33971/bjes.23.1.4