IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2025, pp. 31~37 ISSN: 2722-2586, DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v14i1.pp31-37  31 Journal homepage: http://ijra.iaescore.com Design of a prototype firefighting robot based on an Arduino microcontroller using machine learning technique Kalagotla Chenchireddy 1 , Radhika Dora 1 , Vadthya Jagan 2 , Gouse Basha Mulla 3 , Varghese Jegathesan 4 , Shabbier Ahmed Sydu 5 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India 4 Department of Robotics Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India 5 Electrical and Electronics Section, Department of Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Al-Musannah, Muladdah, Oman Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Oct 28, 2024 Revised Dec 23, 2024 Accepted Jan 26, 2025 The design and implementation of this paper are mainly based on control of the autonomous firefighting robot. In recent years, robotics has turned out to be an ingredient in which many people have shown their interest. Robotics has gained popularity due to the advancement of many technologies of computing and nanotechnologies. The output of the fire sensor is connected to the Arduino controller that controls the movement of the vehicle and the operation of spraying water. An infrared sensing circuit is designed with the infrared sensors placed in front of the vehicle to avoid collision with the obstacles. A total of two inbuilt reduction geared direct current motors are used in the paper for the robot movement in all the directions forward, backward, right, and left directions. For more practicality, a small water tank with a pumping motor is also arranged over the chassis and the water sprinkler pipe that is firmly fixed over the plate where the sensor is arranged can deliver water with some force. When the sensor detects the fire, the sprinkler is positioned toward fire flames; the pumping motor will be energized automatically to extinguish the fire. The main advantage of the proposed system automatically controls the fire by using advanced control techniques. Keywords: Arduino-based system Autonomous navigation Firefighting robot Flame detection Obstacle avoidance This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Kalagotla Chenchireddy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology Cheeryal Village, Keesara Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 501301 Email: chenchireddy.kalagotla@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION The authors present a multi-robot energy-saving system (MRESS) designed to extend the operating time of firefighting robots. MRESS improves traction efficiency by incorporating a sub-robot that assists in drawing fire hoses, thus reducing the energy consumption of the main firefighting robot. The system combines a vision-based fire hose tracking method, end-running navigation, and limit-cycle navigation to ensure efficient cooperation and smooth path planning. These methods work together to minimize the risk of fire hose twisting and optimize energy usage, allowing the robots to reach their destination efficiently and safely [1]–[5]. The authors proposed a system to assist firefighters during fire accidents by deploying hardware-based robots that navigate the site, detect fire using a flame sensor, and extinguish it with a water pump. The robots are equipped with wireless cameras to live stream the entire scene to a remote display. The paper also explores the use of multiple robots in the same area, which can avoid obstacles and share live-