TYPE Brief Research Report
PUBLISHED 22 May 2023
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1175621
OPEN ACCESS
EDITED BY
Claudio Lucchiari,
University of Milan, Italy
REVIEWED BY
Neven Ricijas,
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Dora Dodig Hundric,
University of Zagreb, Croatia
*CORRESPONDENCE
Zita Fekete
fekete.zita@med.unideb.hu
RECEIVED 01 March 2023
ACCEPTED 02 May 2023
PUBLISHED 22 May 2023
CITATION
Krébesz R, Ötvös DK and Fekete Z (2023)
Non-problem gamblers show the same
cognitive distortions while playing slot
machines as problem gamblers, with no loss
of control and reduced reality control,
though – An experimental study on gambling.
Front. Psychol. 14:1175621.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1175621
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© 2023 Krébesz, Ötvös and Fekete. This is an
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Non-problem gamblers show the
same cognitive distortions while
playing slot machines as problem
gamblers, with no loss of control
and reduced reality control,
though – An experimental study
on gambling
Róbert Krébesz, Dóra Kata Ötvös and Zita Fekete*
Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Background: Cognitive distortions can result in maladaptive interpretations of
events and maladaptive behavior. In the case of gambling, such distortions can
contribute to the maintenance of the disorder. Our current research aimed
to conduct an experiment to possibly detect cognitive biases characteristic
of persons with gambling addiction in a non-gambling sample of the general
population, and to study the effect of “big win” on cognitive distortions.
Methods: A specifically designed and preprogrammed slot machine simulation
was carried out, with 90 rounds split into 3 sections. During the simulation
every participant verbalized their thoughts and feelings; the verbalizations were
recorded. Then a content analysis was conducted to search for indications of
cognitive distortions. The sample was separated into two experimental groups:
one of the groups experienced the “big wins” in the first section, while the other
group had them in the second section of the experiment.
Results: Content analysis revealed numerous cognitive biases. Cognitive
distortions usually present in problem gambling were detected in our sample
from the general population as well. However, we could not distinguish
cognitive biases indicating serious loss of control, or distortion of reality control.
A further finding is that early losses provoke the emergence of more cognitive
distortions, while early big win leads to more intense loss-chasing in the later
stages of gambling.
Conclusion: The appearance of reality-checking uncertainty or loss of control
can be alarming for the development of gambling. Losses and big wins can
provoke different cognitive distortions, encouraging the person into further
gambling behavior.
KEYWORDS
gambling, cognitive distortions, experiment, slot machine, content analysis
Frontiers in Psychology 01 frontiersin.org