Research Article 2018, 9(4) 234-240 Advanced Materials Letters
Copyright © 2018 VBRI Press 234
Ternary hybrid electrode material based on
polyaniline/carbon nanohorn/TiO
2
with high
performance energy storage capacity
Sandip Maiti
#
, Sumanta K. Karan
#
, Amit K. Das, Ranadip Bera and Bhanu B. Khatua*
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
*Corresponding author
DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2018.1763
www.vbripress.com/aml
Abstract
Renewable energy is very much demanding in modern time. Herein, we have discussed energy storage performance of
polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanohorn (CNH) decorated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle, high performance electrode
material. This high performance energy storage material was prepared through simple and cost effective method via in-situ
polymerization of aniline in presence of CNH and TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, as prepared active electrode material provide
high specific capacitance value of 1068 F/g at current density of 3 A/g. The existence TiO2 nanoparticle in the ternary hybrid
leads to enhancement of capacitance value through synergistic effect compared to the pure components (e.g., PANI and CNH
are 335 F/g and 240 F/g, respectively at same current density). As morphological analysis says, TiO2 nanoparticles are
observed to be coated by CNH nanofiller and PANI fiber in the hybrid, which plays a key role to enhance the capacitance
value of hybrid making it highly promising electrode material for energy storage in next generation power supply. Copyright
© 2018 VBRI Press.
Keywords: Supercapacitor, polymer hybrid composite, high energy storage, polyaniline, carbon nanohorn, TiO2
Introduction
Renewable energy is most promising energy source in
present time due to lack of fossil fuels. For alternating
energy source, researchers are highly concentrated on
supercapacitor electrode materials for their high
performance activities [1-3]. Due to high power density,
fast charging/discharging ability, high cyclic efficiency,
supercapacitor electrode materials are hugly accepted in
modern high performance digital area [4,5]. Thus,
supercapacitor materials have been alternative energy
source for portable devices, electronics cars, and
electronics gazettes etc. Electrical double-layer capacitors
(EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors are basically two different
types of supercapacitors, for developing energy [6,7].
Among them, pseudocapacitors are considered most
promising and futurities energy storage electrode material
for their high performance activities. Several research
works are already reported on the conducting polymer or
carbon nanofiller based supercapacitor materials [8-17].
In this case, active electrode materials will perform both
as EDLC and pseudocapacitor which will enhance the
supercapacitor performance significantly [18-22]. Among
transition metal oxides, TiO2 nanoparticles have attracted
attention for energy storage due to its long-term
thermodynamic stability, strong oxidizing power and non-
toxicity. TiO2 nanoparticle based supercapacitor electrode
materials reported earlier. However, they will not achieve
high capacitance value. For instance, Zhang et al. [23]
prepared multifunctional TiO2/graphene nanocomposites
hydrogel by facile one-pot hydrothermal method.
They reported the specific capacitance value of the
nanocomposite as 206.7 F/g at 0.5 A/g current density.
Ramadoss et al. [24] reported hydrothermal fabrication of
porous two-dimensional (2D) reduced grapheme oxide/
TiO2 nanorod array/reduced graphene oxide (rGO/TiO2
NR/rGO) which delivers 114.5 F/g at scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Sun et al. [25] have studied the electrochemical properties
of TiO2/graphene composites which show specific
capacitance value of 84 F/g at 10 mV/s scan rate.
Deshmukh et al. [26] have synthesized Fe3O4/SWCNH
nanocomposites and obtained the specific capacitance
value of 377 F/g at the current density of 1A/g.
In this present study, we report the synthesis and
electrochemical characterization of hybrid electrode
material (PTC) with high energy storage capacity. This
work is combination of pseudocapacitive behavior of
TiO2 nanoparticle and PANI along with the double layer
capacitance of CNH. The ternary hybrid was synthesized
through in-situ polymerization of aniline in presence of
conducting CNH and TiO2 nanoparticles. The reason
behind the choosing of CNH is that it has large surface
area with high aspect ratio, inherent micropores at
interstitial sites, high electrical conductivity, excellent
porosity and considerable internal nanospace. In the
hybrid material, TiO2 nanoparticles are coated by