Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute ISSN: 0378-1143 = 165 A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL TOXICITY AND HUMAN HEALTH IN INDIA Sunil Jaiswal Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi Dr. Praveen Kumar Department of Geography, Shyam Prashad Mukharjee College, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi Harish Kumar Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics,University of Delhi, Delhi Trishika Srivastava Department of Political Science, University of Delhi, Delhi Dr. Suman Rani Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Pt. J. L. N. Govt. College, Faridabad, Haryana, ABSTRACT: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of fertilizer and pesticide consumption patterns in India, exploring their complex interconnections and impacts on human health. The primary objectives are to investigate the relationship between soil contamination and health incidences in agricultural communities, particularly regions with intensive chemical usage, and to develop a detailed taxonomy of insecticides and pesticides employed in Indian agriculture. The research analyses epidemiological data to identify potential causal links between prolonged exposure to contaminated soil and various health problems among farming populations, including cancers, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. Additionally, it categorizes agrochemicals based on their chemical composition, mode of action, and potential health risks, while also examining their regulatory framework and usage patterns across different states. The study findings highlight the significant burden of pesticide poisoning in India, with the country accounting for one-third of the global pesticide poisoning cases. The accumulation of persistent organic pollutants, such as DDT and BHC, in the food chain raises serious concerns about public health. The research also identifies the need for improved safety protocols, better monitoring and enforcement of regulations, and the adoption of alternative pest management strategies that minimize environmental and health impacts. Through these investigations, the study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with public health concerns. The findings have important implications for policymakers, agricultural extension workers, and farming communities in India and other developing countries facing similar challenges. Keywords: Pesticides, Soil Toxicity, Human Health, Agriculture, India, Sustainable Practices.