2300 Microsc. Microanal. 28 (Suppl 1), 2022
doi:10.1017/S1431927622008832 © Microscopy Society of America 2022
Enhanced Preparation Technique of Plan-view Specimens for in situ TEM Heating
Experiments based on the Synergy of Wedge-polishing and FIB
Alexey Minenkov
1
*, Natalija Šantić
1
and Heiko Groiss
1
1.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Center for Surface and
Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
* Corresponding author: oleksii.minienkov@jku.at
Comprehensive characterization is of principal importance for the controlled synthesis and application of
nanomaterials. In situ TEM, in this respect, is an excellent tool allowing the real-time observation of
structural changes at the nanoscale while applying different stimuli such as heat and/or bias. This approach
has been revolutionized recently by the introduction of cutting-edge MEMS-based sample carriers [1].
One of the main challenges on a way to a fruitful in situ TEM investigation is a suitable sample preparation
by thinning the bulk material to electron transparency. It is imperative though that the applied sample
preparation technique must be gentle enough to preserve the original material properties intact. This
obstacle is further complicated for broad specimens where a free surface must be prepared as a plan-view
specimen. It is noteworthy, that for gathering detailed three-dimensional information on the materials'
structures, the commonly used cross-sectional specimens must be combined with the plan-view ones [2].
Plan-view geometry is also crucial for obtaining data on the morphological evolution of thin layers [2]. It
is also crucial for assessing the areal densities of defects, orientation-related peculiarities or to map strain
and functional properties such as ferromagnetism.
To make a step in solving this challenge we elaborate a novel method for sample preparation, which opens
the world of in situ TEM heating experiments for a vast variety of fragile materials ranging from MBE-
grown semiconductor nanolayers [3] to industrial coatings. It involves primary mechanical thinning of a
broad sample area from the backside followed by FIB-assisted installation on the MEMS-based sample
carrier (Figure 1). The synergy of the wedge-polishing technique and the advanced FIB workflow allows us
to combine the advantages of both approaches minimizing invasive effects such as mechanical load and ion
beam illumination. Moreover, the broad wedge-shaped specimens are well-suited for cutting multiple
lamellae from the same sample giving ground to studying materials properties in a systematic fashion.
The principle and significant advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by new insights into
the thermal-induced strain relaxation and stability of Ge Stranski-Krastanov islands on Si during in situ
TEM heating (Figure 2). We thoroughly traced the morphological and structural changes on the fly in a
single heating-cooling cycle via HRTEM and SAED. To highlight the inherent strain of the SK islands
the two-beam condition (TBC) has been utilized. Major strain relaxation in the islands occurs through the
formation of stacking faults at 625°C induced by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the
inherent materials [3]. These findings can be barely achieved without applying the elaborated method that,
in particular, proves its conceptual advancement for semiconductor materials research. We provide the
complete step-by-step guide and discuss the method’s concept in detail making it easy to follow and adapt
for diverse equipment [3, 4].
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