233 www.revistamexicanadeurologia.org.mx ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN Rev Mex Urol. 2018 mayo-junio;78(3):233-242. Complicaciones de la ureteroscopia. Prevención, detección oportuna y tratamiento Complications of retrograde ureteroscopy. Prevention, early recognition, and treatment José Cruz-Ruíz, 1 Óscar R. Negrete-Pulido, 2 Carlos Enrique Méndez-Probst 1 1 Urology Department. Instituto Na- cional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City. 2 Urology Department, Hospital Ángeles León, Guanajuato, Mexico. Received: January 2018 Accepted: April 2018 Correspondence Carlos Enrique Méndez Probst. probstmc@hotmail.com This arcle should be cited as Cruz-Ruíz J, Negrete-Pulido OR, Mén- dez-Probst CE. Complicaons of retro- grade ureteroscopy. Prevenon, early recognion, and treatment. Rev Mex Urol. 2018 mayo-junio;78(3):233-242. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24245/rev- mexurol.v78i3.1944 Resumen La ureteroscopia es un procedimientos comúnmente efectuado en pacientes con diver- sos padecimientos del aparato urinario superior. Debido al progreso en la tecnología y desarrollo de destrezas médicas se ha incrementado su utilización en todo el mundo, por lo que actualmente representa un método fundamental en el área de la urología. Sin embargo, como cualquier otro procedimiento quirúrgico, la ureteroscopia no está exenta de complicaciones, de tal modo que el conocimiento y experiencia es de suma importancia para la práctica urológica. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar las complicaciones más frecuentes en la práctica de la ureteroscopia. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ureteroscopia; complicaciones intraoperatorias; urolitiasis. Abstract Ureteroscopy is a common management option for multiple upper urinary tract condi- tions. Propelled by technologic improvements and expanding physician expertise, its use is increasing worldwide, and it is currently an important element in the armamen- tarium of the urologist. However, as with any other medical therapy, ureteroscopy is not complication-free, and it is essential for the practicing urologist to recognize and manage those events. We present herein a review of common complications in ureteroscopy. KEYWORDS: Ureteroscopy; Intraoperative complications; Urolithiasis. INTRODUCTION Ureteroscopy is part of the mainstream treatment modalities for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of urinary tracts conditions, mainly related to urinary stones. Technologic advances and increasing expertise since the late twentieth century have led to the widespread adoption of this minimally invasive option. A recent survey has shown that in the United States, ureteroscopy is the third most common in-patient management choice for urinary stones, with more than 15,000 retrograde intrarenal sur- geries (RIRS) being performed in 2009. 1 However, ureteroscopy, as is the case with any medical intervention, is not complication-free. It has a reported overall complication rate under 20% 2 in early case series, and of 6.7% in later reports. 3 Even though the frequency of com- plications is decreasing, early recognition and management are paramount. The aim of our study was to provide a review of the current ure- teroscopy complication profile. A non-systematic literature review was conducted utilizing the