Introduction
An excessive supply of rooms resulting, in part, from a
15-year building binge, and a weaker economy that leads
to a decline in business and leisure travel signal that the
nation’s hotels and motels will face unparalleled
competitive challenges in the years to come. In these
trying times, only those hoteliers with a clear vision of
their front and back-stage operations will be able to lower
costs, attain efficiency and deliver consistent levels of
service quality. This above all will necessitate an
integration of technological and humanistic approaches
to service quality within the framework of a quality
assurance programme.
Recognizing the lodging industry’s preoccupation with
cost containment and short-term operational efficiency,
as opposed to long-term strategic effectiveness, in 1982
the American Hotel and Motel Association launched an
industry-wide quality awareness campaign (Alexander,
1982). Despite the Association’s intensive efforts, hotels
and motels having successful quality assurance
programmes are still in the minority (Walker and
Salameh, 1990). It appears that focus on short-term
gimmicks and quick fixes still predominate (Nassikas,
1991) and the prevalent organizational culture in the
hospitality industry, just as in the 1980s, continues to
view efficiency, quality and long-term effectiveness as
mutually exclusive rather than complementary strategies
(Goffe, 1983).
A well conceptualized and carefully implemented quality
assurance programme offers several benefits to
organizations in the hospitality industry. First, at a time
when the industry is witnessing increasing competitive
pressures (Geller, 1990; Sharpe, 1990) and facing an
increasingly discerning clientele, it allows an
organization to differentiate itself strategically from its
competitors (Pickworth, 1987). Second, contrary to
common misconception, investment in quality assurance
programmes do not result in increased costs but rather in
monetary savings. It is, for instance, estimated that every
US$1 invested in a quality assurance programme results
in a saving of US$10 in internal failure and a saving of
US$100 in external failure costs (Bohan and Horney,
1991). Third, successful quality assurance programmes
result in not only improved customer satisfaction but also
employee satisfaction (Walker and Salameh, 1990).
Fourth, considering that close to 30 per cent of total
revenues in a typical hotel is spent on rectifying quality-
related problems, a quality assurance programme can
help reduce this drastically by ensuring that the service
delivered to the guests is of high quality in the first place.
Indeed, in addition to real costs incurred because of poor
service, the hidden costs associated with lost business
due to bad quality can reach exorbitant figures
(Alexander, 1982; Lodging Hospitality, 1987). On the other
hand, a successful quality assurance programme
facilitates consistent delivery of high quality service to
customers. Having a well-executed quality assurance
programme in place, for instance, the Holiday Inn chain’s
promotional theme is “Stay with someone you know”.
This theme stresses the consistency dimension of service
quality and reminds customers that at Holiday Inn there
will be no surprises with regard to service quality.
As can be inferred from the above discussion, quality
assurance does pay off in terms of the bottom line.
Therefore, the question is no longer whether to have
quality assurance programmes or not, but rather how to
make these programmes work for organizations in the
hospitality industry. With this in mind, this article first
presents a conceptual framework outlining the
22 MARKETING INTELLIGENCE & PLANNING 13,11
Front and back-stage strategies
in service delivery in the
hospitality industry:
a conceptual framework
Ugur Yavas, Mahmoud M. Yasin and Marwan Wafa
Service quality and operational efficiencies should work together rather than against each other
Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 13 No. 11, 1995, pp. 22-26
© MCB University Press Limited, 0263-4503