International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol. 12, No. 2, June 2023, pp. 563~570 ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v12i2.22909  563 Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com Types of smartphone usage and problematic smartphone use among adolescents: A review of literature Sii Jiing Chan 1 , Kee Jiar Yeo 1 , Lina Handayani 2 1 School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Sep 14, 2021 Revised Nov 24, 2022 Accepted Jan 2, 2023 This review aimed to provide an overview of the influence of social and process smartphone use on problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents aged between 10-24 years old. Social smartphone use comprises three types of smartphone features: social networking sites, chatting/texting/instant messaging, and video/phone calls. On the other hand, categories of process smartphone use include watching videos/television/movies, web surfing, playing games, listening to music/podcasts/radio, and educational learning. There were 42 studies with a total of 139,389 adolescents met the criteria for inclusion after a thorough search of academic databases. Overall, the evidence from the studies included in this review revealed that chatting/texting, video/phone calls, watching videos/television/movies and music/podcasts/radio were positively and significantly linked to and predicted problematic smartphone use. Social networking sites use, instant messaging, gaming, web surfing and educational learning yielded inconsistent results. They could have a positive or negative relationship with PSU and play a role in predicting PSU. More research is needed for music/podcasts/radio and video/phone calls because the results are still scarce. Keywords: Adolescents Problematic smartphone use Process smartphone use Social smartphone use This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Sii Jiing Chan School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Email: siijiingchan90@hotmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Smartphones are touchscreen gadgets with a wide range of applications (apps). It is a game- changing invention because it integrates the features of the traditional phone and a computer into a single small device. Smartphones have become indispensable tools for people of all ages worldwide, and it is hard to imagine life without a smartphone. Smartphone use becomes problematic when users cannot control their use and thus suffer from impaired daily functioning. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is frequently viewed as a form of technology addiction. An operational definition of technology addiction is “non-chemical, behavioral addictions involving human-machine interactions” [1]. The terms problematic smartphone use and smartphone addiction appear to be used interchangeably based on the researchers’ interpretation of the underlying concept. The term “smartphone addiction” is frequently used by researchers who believe that the observed behaviors fulfill addiction criteria [2]. On the other hand, researchers who do not consider excessive smartphone use as addictive behavior choose to use the t erm “problematic smartphone use” [3], [4]. Although problematic smartphone use is not listed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) or the international classification of diseases 11th revision (ICD-11), there are many similarities between the behavior and other behavioral addictions. As Gutiérrez, Fonseca, and