International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol. 12, No. 3, September 2023, pp. 1486~1496 ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v12i3.24995  1486 Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com The performance of vocational high school principal’s learning supervision in Indonesia Lia Yuliana 1 , Johan Setiawan 2 , Muhammad Rijal Fadli 1,2 1 Department of Education Management, Faculty of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Lampung, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jul 12, 2022 Revised Mar 6, 2023 Accepted Apr 10, 2023 Supervision of learning is one of the most important parts of improving the quality of education. It is necessary to develop an evaluation instrument that can assess the performance of school principals’ learning supervision, to achieve national education goals that accord the needs of the times. So, the purpose of this study is to produce an instrument for assessing the learning supervision performance of the head of vocational high school (VHS) that can be used as a reference for supervisors. The method used is research and development (R&D) with a 4D model defined, designed, developed, and disseminated. The research subjects involved 20 school supervisors, 218 principals, and 314 teachers. Data collection techniques employed interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis used the qualitative analysis techniques (interviews) and quantitative analysis (statistics). The results showed that this assessment instrument is an excellent category with an average score of 4.21. This assessment consists of three assessor components: school supervisors, teachers, and school principals. This assessment instrument can be the latest guideline for supervisors who will evaluate the performance of school principals and teachers, so the evaluation carried out is effective, efficient, and optimal in improving the quality of education. Keywords: Assessment Learning supervision Principal Vocational high school This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Lia Yuliana Department of Education Management, Faculty of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Colombo Street No.1, Karang Malang, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email: lia_yuliana@uny.ac.id 1. INTRODUCTION Education has a strategic function in developing dignified character and personality in the intellectual life of the nation [1]–[8]. Vocational high school (VHS) is an education that prepares students, mainly so that graduates are ready to work according to their competencies in the industrial world [9]–[13]. Furthermore, equipping students with competencies through the selected skill program [14], [15]. In practice, the implementation of education shows that there is a gap between das sein and das sollen. “Das sein” refers to the current state of affairs or reality, while “das sollen” represents an ideal or desired state that should be achieved through actions and efforts. This discrepancy between das sein and das sollen highlights the need for educational reform to address the issues that hinder the realization of the desired educational outcomes. The current phenomenon of education is that there are still many educational programs whose success rates have not been measured. Because it was not evaluated professionally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the program are unknown [16]–[18].