Research Article
Effect of Normal Saline Bicarbonate on Reversing
Epidural Anesthesia Either with Bupivacaine Or Bupivacaine
and Nalbuphine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Josef Attia, Ahamed Mohamed, and Yaser Bader
Departments of Anesthesiology and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
Correspondence should be addressed to Josef Attia; josefzekry2@yahoo.com
Received 27 September 2014; Revised 7 February 2015; Accepted 16 February 2015
Academic Editor: Young-Chang P. Arai
Copyright © 2015 Josef Attia et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. Orthopedic procedures are among the commonest surgeries in the elderly. On the other hand, those patients have
many risk factors suitable for development of postoperative complication due to prolonged postoperative recumbent that decrease
by using anesthesia technique allowed early ambulation as far as possible. Aim of the Work. e aim of this study was to evaluate
whether washout of the local anesthesia with 0.9% normal saline with bicarbonate through the epidural catheter could provide early
ambulation throughout the faster recovery of the motor block. Patient and Methods. Sixty adult patients were included in this study
and divided into three groups. In group I, epidural injection of bupivacaine was carried out without wash (control group). In group
II, epidural injection of bupivacaine was followed by wash. In group III, epidural injection of both bupivacaine and nalbuphine
was followed by wash. Results. ey were significantly faster in both group II and group III as compared with group I. In group I,
sensory recovery was insignificantly faster than the motor recovery. In group II motor recovery was significantly faster than sensory
recovery. In group III motor recovery was significantly faster than the sensory recovery. Conclusions. ese results suggested that
early ambulation with an adequate postoperative analgesia was reported in patient receiving epidural injection of both bupivacaine
and nalbuphine.
1. Introduction
Epidural analgesia and anesthesia were proved to be an
excellent method of anesthesia in patients undergoing lower
limb orthopedic operations, especially in patient with high
risk to develop postoperative complication either from delay
recovery of motor function or from use of large dose of nar-
cotics IM or IV to achieve adequate sensory block [1].
Wash of epidural catheter with normal saline with or
without NaHCO
3
aims to achieve early motor recovery in a
trial to avoid rapid sensory recovery as rapid motor recovery
aſter wash of epidural catheter, nalbuphine was added as
narcotic analgesic, and especially nalbuphine hydrochloride
exhibits a ceiling effect in which the increase in the dose
greater than 30 mg does not produce further respiratory
depression in the absence of other CNS active medications
affecting respiration. In addition, prolonged postoperative
sensory and motor block following neuraxial blocks (spinal
or epidural block) aſter short surgical procedures is a major
disadvantage of this technique [2]. Our study planned to use
nalbuphine with local anesthesia.
As we worried about wash of epidural catheter with saline
solution that results in faster return of the pain to the patient
postoperatively, we aimed to study if adding nalbuphine to
the local anesthetic agents can preserve the analgesic effect
even aſter wash of local anesthesia. On the other hand, using
narcotic with epidural anesthesia (IV or IM injected) requires
large dose that may be associated with systemic complication;
this disadvantage is minimized by injection of narcotics in
epidural catheter. On the other hand, epidural injection of
narcotic may be associated with complication, but this side
effect is uncommon and occur with nalbuphine due to its
ceiling effect, also using NSAIDs may not be suitable in
elderly patient to avoid renal complication. Delay in the
motor function in the major orthopedic surgery carries the
risk of DVT development so epidural analgesia allows early
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Anesthesiology
Volume 2015, Article ID 509710, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/509710