Research Article Combination of Goniothalamin and Sol-Gel-Derived Bioactive Glass 45S5 Enhances Growth Inhibitory Activity via Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 Siti Aishah Abu Bakar, 1,2 Abdul Manaf Ali, 2 Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, 3 Shahrul Bariyah Sahul Hamid , 1 Nur Asna Azhar, 1 Noor Muzamil Mohamad, 4 and Nor Hazwani Ahmad 1 1 Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia 3 Department of Dental Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 Centralised Laboratory Management Center, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia Correspondence should be addressed to Nor Hazwani Ahmad; norhazwani@usm.my Received 1 March 2022; Accepted 17 June 2022; Published 13 July 2022 Academic Editor: Vasiliki Galani Copyright © 2022 Siti Aishah Abu Bakar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Combination of natural products with chemically synthesised biomaterials as cancer therapy has attracted great interest lately. Hence, this study is aimed at investigating the combined effects of goniothalamin and bioactive glass 45S5 (GTN-BG) and evaluating their anticancer properties on human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods. The BG 45S5 was prepared using the sol-gel process followed by characterisation using PSA, BET, SEM/EDS, XRD, and FTIR. The effects of GTN-BG on the proliferation of MCF-7 were assessed by MTT, PrestoBlue, and scratch wound assays. The cell cycle analysis, Annexin-FITC assay, and activation of caspase-3/7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 assays were determined to further explore its mechanism of action. Results. The synthesised BG 45S5 was classified as a fine powder, having a rough surface, and contains mesopores of 12.6 nm. EDS analysis revealed that silica and calcium elements are the primary components of BG powders. Both crystalline and amorphous structures were detected with 73% and 27% similarity to Na 2 Ca 2 (Si 2 O 7 ) and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The combination of GTN-BG was more potent than GTN in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle were arrested by GTN and GTN-BG. The percentage of viable cells in GTN-BG treatment was significantly lower than that in GTN. In terms of activation of initiator caspases for both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were found more effective in response to GTN-BG than GTN. Conclusion. The anticancer effect of GTN in MCF-7 cells was improved when combined with BG. The findings provide significant insight into the mechanism of GTN-BG against MCF-7 cells, which can potentially be used as a novel anticancer therapeutic approach. 1. Background Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall, which increases among women with over 2 million worldwide [1]. The treatment for breast cancer includes surgery and che- motherapy using drugs to kill fast-growing cancer cells throughout the body; however, the treatment can also destroy healthy cells. Researchers around the world are therefore continuously looking for better strategies to Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2022, Article ID 5653136, 14 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5653136