Global Journal of Fisheries Science
Volume 7(1), pages 21-27, February 2025
Article Number: 72881F842
ISSN: 2782-750X
https://doi.org/10.31248/GJFS2024.067
https://integrityresjournals.org/journal/GJFS
Full Length Research
Use of salt as a disinfectant in the treatments of
bacteria found in eggs of cultured Clarias gariepinus
(Burchell, 1822)
F. A. Awe
1
*, E. A. Omogunwa
1
, O. A. Olanloye
2
and O. M. Ogunbanwo
3
1
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria.
2
Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun
State, Nigeria.
3
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Lagos State University of Science and Technology,
Ikorodu, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author: Email: awefolalu@yahoo.com
Copyright © 2025 Awe et al. This article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received 22nd December 2024; Accepted 3rd February 2025
ABSTRACT: Egg disinfection is considered the most important routine work in hatcheries to avoid bacterial infection of
fish eggs. This study assessed the use of sodium chloride (common salt) in the treatment of fish pathogens isolated from
the eggs of Clarias gariepinus. Nine brood stocks of Clarias gariepinus were used. Their eggs were collected and taken
to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nigeria for culturing, microbial analysis, DNA extraction of
bacteria from the nutrient broth, and amplicon testing for molecular characterization. Bio-edit software was used for
importing and mining nucleotide sequences into the gene bank. The molecular examination of Clarias gariepinus eggs
showed the presence of four bacterial organisms namely: Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus
subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Prior to common salt treatment, Staphylococcus succinus was the most predominant
bacterial species isolated from the eggs of the fish sample with 84.88% similarity, Staphylococcus epidermidis followed
closely with 81.66%. After the use of common salt, only Bacillus species and Klebsiella pneumonia were detected, with a
similarity of 98.08% and 82.67%, respectively. Therefore, the common salt contributed immensely towards reducing the
microbes and their nucleic acid contents in the fish eggs.
Keywords: Abeokuta, broodstock eggs, cultured catfish, molecular characterization, Ogun State, salt.
INTRODUCTION
The African catfish Clarias gariepinus of the family
Claridae is highly appreciated as a good aquaculture
species because of its resistance to diseases, ability to
tolerate a wide range of environmental parameters and
high stocking densities under culture conditions, relatively
fast growth rate, and good quality (Rahman et al., 2019).
The aquaculture industry is the fastest-growing food-
producing sector which accounts for approximately 50% of
global fish production (Omeje et al., 2020). With the
increased demand for fish, pisciculture has also increased
to a great extent. However, due to the rise in fish culture,
there has also been a rise in fish diseases (World Fish,
2018). Studies have shown high mortality rates and
economic losses in catfish aquaculture due to infectious
pathogens from bacteria (Adelakun et al., 2012). For
oviparous animals, the survival of fertilized eggs is a critical
component of reproductive success. Egg survival, in turn,
can be strongly affected by various factors. Fish eggs, for
example, are susceptible to predation (Van West, 2006)
and pathogens such as bacteria (Phillips et al., 2008). The