وصیوق خص توسعه در حقیق و دوفصلنامه تحق| و زمستانیز پای1403 | دوره1 | شماره2 206 PhD student in private law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author) hafizm9090@gmail.com Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran s.karimi.r@gmail.com Hafizullah Mohammadi Sahar Karimi Journal of Research and Development in Private Law Iranian Law and Legal Research Institute Vol. 1 | No. 2 | Fall 2024 and Winter 2025 (Original Article) DOI: jpl.2024.2044183.1133 / 10.22034 Civil Penalty: Comparative Study in Iranian and Afghan law Civil penalty serves as an enforcement guarantee for the implementation of contracts and obligation, Due to its compatibility with human rights, it has better efficiency. There has been no research on civil fines in afghan law before this article. It examines the civil penalty with a comparative view in the laws of Iran and Afghanistan. By analyzing and reviewing legal materials, data and information and applying an analytical- descriptive approach, an attempt has been made to answer the question of whether there is a civil penalty in the laws of Iran and Afghanistan, and what are its conditions. Based on the research findings: civil penalty has a special nature that its realization requires the existence of substantive and formal conditions. Abstract