Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 14, No. 2, April 2025, pp. 1003~1013 ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i2.8481  1003 Journal homepage: http://beei.org Wireless sensor network using nRF24L01+ for precision agriculture Zainul Abidin 1 , Raisul Falah 1 , Raden Arief Setyawan 1 , Fitri Candra Wardana 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2 Master Program in Environmental Resources and Development Management, Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Mar 19, 2024 Revised Oct 8, 2024 Accepted Nov 19, 2024 Precision agriculture is a strategy for varying inputs and cultivation methods to suit varying soil conditions and agricultural crops. In order to optimize precision agriculture, wireless sensor network (WSN) is suitable to be integrated. In this research, network devices that communicate using nRF24L01+ based WSN was proposed. As a prototype, four sensor nodes were employed to measure the parameters of air temperature and humidity, soil moisture, and power supply voltage. While, a sink node serves to store measurement data locally. The data are sent to the sink node with a mesh network topology and saved in a comma-separated values (CSV) file and local database. Experimental results show that each sensor node can measure all parameters and successfully send data to the sink node every 1 minute without losing the data. The mesh topology can route data transfer automatically. Round trip time (RTT) of each sensor node depends on the distance from each node. Average power consumption of all sensor nodes in send mode is between 84 mW and 90 mW. Meanwhile, in sleep mode, the sensor nodes 1 and 2 consumed around 21-22 mW and the sensor nodes 3 and 4 consumed around 30 mW which are lower than the send mode. Keywords: Mesh topology nRF24L01+ Precision agriculture Round trip time Wireless sensor network This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Zainul Abidin Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya M.T. Haryono 167, Lowokwaru, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Email: zainulabidin@ub.ac.id 1. INTRODUCTION Precision farming is a smart concept that allows farmers to manage the spatial and temporal variability of agricultural crops. In the realm of modern agriculture, the integration of technology has become indispensable for optimizing crop yields, resource utilization, and environmental sustainability [1], [2]. One of the pivotal advancements in this domain is the application of wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor and manage agricultural fields with a high degree of precision [3]-[12]. WSN has gained prominence in precision agriculture due to its ability to gather real-time data from distributed sensors deployed across fields. This network provides a means to monitor and control various parameters including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and even nutrient levels. Data from the parameters can be invaluable for making informed decisions related to irrigation scheduling, fertilization, pest control, and crop health assessment [13]-[17]. A WSN consists of a group of specialized autonomous sensors and actuators with wireless communication infrastructure to transmit the desired data or control commands. Network devices in WSN that sense, collect, and measure various information from the surrounding environment where it is deployed and can send that data to WSN system users are called as sensor nodes. Another network device is a sink node [1], [18]. Most WSNs are built using internet