IP: 137.59.13.66 On: Mon, 14 May 2018 05:05:38 Copyright: American Scientific Publishers Delivered by Ingenta Copyright © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America RESEARCH ARTICLE Advanced Science Letters Vol. 23, 12318–12321, 2017 Comparison of Production Glucose from Starch and Cellulose Using Delignification and Hydrolysis Process Sari Ni Ketut ∗ , C. Pudjiastuti, and Ketut Sumada Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Raya Rungkut Madya, Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia Availability of starch (liquid waste rice flour) and cellulose (bulrush and bamboo) are available in substantial quantities in Indonesia. This research has a goal to produce glucose from starch, cellulose using delignification and hydrolysis process. Hydrolysis is a process for the breakdown of cellulose into glucose; it is a raw material which gets less attention after raw material analysis have starch, cellulose and glucose levels, have potential as glucose feedstock. The Bamboos used in the hydrolysis process is those that do not contain lignin and pentosan that previously performed pretreatment and delignification process. This research is to produce glucose as a feedstock for bioethanol, knowing pentosan and impurities remaining in bamboo solution. This study has the objective to produce glucose and glucose as well as an industrial prototype as a reference in developing bioethanol industry in Indonesia. Therefore it needs to be studied in the future, what is the best process that we can use, biology process or chemical process using NaOH, HCl, and H 2 SO 4 that can optimize glucose production. The enzyme treatment is also significant because the enzyme has an optimal condition, temperature and the degree of acidity (pH) and when the enzyme is in optimal conditions, it can increase its work rate. Variable remain in hydrolysis process is weight raw material 50 to 250 grams, temperature 45  C, and stirring speed in control 200 rpm, enzyme volume on 1 to 10 ml, time 30 until 120 minutes. The comparison obtained can be used as a basis for the design of a prototype glucose production processes and equipment. Resulting from delignification and hydrolysis process are glucose, liquid waste rice flour on 9.98% glucose contain, bulrush on 37.9% glucose contain, and bamboo on 23.6% glucose contain. The results from hydrolysis process is glucose, and the next treatment fermented to obtain product bioethanol. Keywords: Cellulose, Delignification, Glucose, Hydrolysis, Starch. 1. INTRODUCTION Biomass from plants has been declared as an alternative raw material for gasoline fuel substitution in the form of bioethanol, bioethanol obtained from biomass and bioenergy crops has been proclaimed as one of the feasible alternatives as gaso- line fuel. 1 Environmental and sustainability were bioethanol from rice straw. 2 The technology for lignocellulose ethanol produc- tion is primarily dependent on initial treatment, chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. A proper treatment strategy is reguired so that the enzyme hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass to be efficient because lignin prevents the saccharification process. There were numerous approaches for pretreatment process before such as acid or alkali pretreat- ment, pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide, steam explosion, liq- uid hot water, ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment, NaCl, and biological pretreatment. 3 ∗ Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. The research conducted to evaluate acid pretreatment from paper waste as material for bioethanol production, optimized sul- furic acid hydrolysis, fermentation process of HCl of paper waste by using Pichia Stipitis. The ethanol content was obtained of 77.54%. By one more distillation process, the ethanol content will be obtained at the level of 95–96%. 4 Chemical pretreatment of lingo-cellulosic biomass with H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 acids are widely used since they are relatively cheap and efficient in lig- nocellulose, though the letter gives a milder effect and is more benign to the environment. HCl is more volatile and easier to recover and attacks biomass better than H 2 SO 4 similarly, 5 HNO 3 process good cellulose to sugar conversion rates. 6 However, both acids are expensive compared to H 2 SO 4 . Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic and sustainability of cellulose ethanol production. This paper reviews already known and emerging chemical pretreatment methods, the combination of chemical pretreatment with other methods to improve carbohydrate preservation reduce formation 12318 Adv. Sci. Lett. Vol. 23, No. 12, 2017 1936-6612/2017/23/12318/004 doi:10.1166/asl.2017.10629 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by UPN Jatim Repository