Hemerocallis hongdoensis (Liliaceae): A New Species from Korea Myong Gi Chung and Soon Suk Kang Department of Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, The Republic of Korea Abstract. Hemerocallis hongdoensis, a new spe¬ cies of section Fulvae, is described. Hemerocallis hongdoensis occurs in rocky and humus soil on talusslopesorrockycliffsonremoteislandsoffthe southwesterncoastofKorea.Hemerocallishong¬ doensisismostcloselyrelatedto//.aurantiacabut differs from this species by its underground parts lackingarhizome,deciduousleaves,ovate-lanceo¬ late bracts below inflorescences which are 1.2-3.5 cm long, dichotomous or trichotomous inflores¬ cences which are 3-9 cm long, stout perianth tube (2.4-3.2 cm x 5.5-6.0 mm), orange-yellow peri¬ anth lacking a red tinge, and a different flowering period. Hemerocallis L. is an economically important genusofapproximately30speciesrestrictedmainly to eastern Asia (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966). Hem¬ erocallishasbeenplacedintheLiliaceae(Cronquist, 1981; Hutchinson, 1964) or Hemerocallidaceae (Dahlgren et ah, 1985). Matsuoka & Hotta (1966) and Hotta (1986) pointed out that the major diffi¬ culty with the classification of Hemerocallis lies in theuncertaintyregardingcriteriafordelimitingthe species.Thetaxonomicdifficultieshavebeenattrib¬ uted to the relatively small number of diagnostic characters. Many species (e.g., //. aurantiaca Ba¬ ker, H. ftava L., //. fulva L., and //. thunbergii Baker)weredescribedonthebasisofcultivarswith unknown origins (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966), and withtheadditionalproblemsofextremedifference inappearancebetweenlivingplantsanddriedher¬ bariumspecimens(i.e.,floralmorphologyandcolor ofperianth),missinglabeldataondriedherbarium specimens(i.e.,floweringtimeandodor)(Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966), and possible widespread hybrid¬ ization (Kitamura et al., 1986). For these reasons, the treatment of species within Hemerocallis has varieddependingontheauthors.Forexample,Mat¬ suoka & Hotta (1966) and Hotta (1986) treated H. littorea Makino as a variety under H. fulva, while Kitamura et al. (1986) treated the taxon as a variety under H. aurantiaca. Matsuoka & Hotta (1966) also noted that Bailey (1930), Nakai (1932), and Stout (1941) did not consider the variability of naturalpopulationswhendevelopingtheirclassifi¬ cations. Based on the literature for Hemerocallis (e.g., Bailey, 1930; Nakai, 1932; Stout, 1941; Ohwi, 1965; Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966; Hotta, 1986; Ki¬ tamura et al., 1986), the Japanese Hemerocallis arerelativelywellknownwithrespecttotheirgeo¬ graphicalandecologicaldistribution.Ontheother hand, the daylilies native to Korea are not well understood taxonomically. In 1988, 1991, 1992, and1993,weconductedfieldtripstocollectdaylilies fromnaturalpopulationsinKoreainordertobetter understandthevariationofmorphologicalcharac¬ tersandgeographicalandecologicaldistribution.In 1988 and 1993, while visiting the remote islands ofHong,Sohuksan,andTaehuksanoffthesouth¬ westerncoastofKorea,weencounteredamorpho¬ logicallydistinctgroupofHemerocallispopulations notreferabletoanydescribedspecies.Intheher¬ bariaatSeoulNationalUniversity(SNU)andTokyo University (TI), which we visited, there were two undeterminedspecimensofthisgroupcollectedby Ishidoya and T. Chung (TI). This series of popula¬ tions is a new species as described below, and is namedafterthetypelocality,HongIsland. Hemerocallis (sect. Fulvae Nakai em.) hong¬ doensis M. Chung & S. Kang, sp. nov. TYPE: Korea. Chollanam Do, Shinan Gun, Huksan Myeon, Hong Island, Hongdo-l-gu, among rocky and humus soil on E-facing talus slope, open area, ca. 30 m, 16 Aug. 1993, M. G. Chung & S. S. Kang 2028 (holotype, GNUC; isotypes, GA, GNUC, MO, SNU, TI). Figure 1. Radices perennes, tuberoso-inflatae, fuscae; folia visidi- flavaradicariadistricacomplanatavel striata, arcuato- deflexa,60100cmlonga,1.7-3.0cmlata;scapierecti robustiusculi, 60-76cmlongi, 58mmcrassi, plerumque cum1-2ovata-lanceolataebracteae. Inflorescentiadi- chotomaveltrichotoma,5-17(-25)-floris3-9cmlongi; pedicelli1cmlongi4mmcrassi;floresascendentes; periantha aurantiaca-flava infundibularia 10.4-14.2 cm longatenuitersucculentus; tubuscrassusca. 2.4-3.2cm longi 5.5-6.0mmcrassisdilutusviridi-aurantiacus; lobi interiores8-11cmlongi,2.7-3.4cmlati,marginein¬ teger, lobi exteriores lanceolati apice naviculato-acuti, 7.8 10.5cmlongi1.3-1.7cmlati.Capsulaoblongus-ovalis, apiceemarginati, paginaverruciformis, 2.5-4.1cmlonga 1.7-2.5cmlata;seminanigralucidulaca.7mmlonga 5mmlata. Novon 4: 94 97. 1994.