Policy Brief Nativism, Islamophobism, and Islamism in the Age of Populism: Culturalization and Religionization of What is Social, Economic, and Political in Europe ISLAM-OPHOB-ISM ERC Advanced Grant, Grant No. 785934 https://bpy.bilgi.edu.tr/en/ October 2023 Ayhan Kaya, Metin Koca, and Ayşenur Benevento Istanbul Bilgi University, European Institute, Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence