Compilation, Validation and Evaluation of a 2D/3D Molecular Database as
an Adjunct to Didactic Teaching Modalities
Sultana G., Shoemake C., Camilleri L.
University of Malta, Malta
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry is considered an essential
component of educational preparation for the
pharmacy profession. Effective explanation and
comprehension of chemical concepts requires
considerable effort due to the intrinsically abstract
nature of key principles. The inclusion of two and
three dimensional visual adjuncts to traditional
lecturing methods provides an innovative and
student-inclusive approach towards optimisation of
chemistry related education. A molecular database
was created that featured therapeutic,
physicochemical and visual information of drugs
used in infection, musculoskeletal and endocrine
disorders. Visuals created include two and three
dimensional graphical representations of all the
drugs included as well as three dimensional graphics
of the drug interacting with its cognate receptor
where possible. Expert panel validated pre- and
post- intervention questionnaires were then used to
evaluate the impact and utility of the two and three
dimensional molecular database of therapeutically
relevant drugs amongst undergraduate
pharmaceutical science students at the Department
of Pharmacy of the University of Malta.
The intervention lecture incorporated both
traditional teaching and use of the visual adjuncts
using case based approaches. The results of paired
samples t-tests, the Friedman test and the Mann-
Whitney statistical tests show statistically significant
improvement (p < 0.05 level of significance in all
cases) in both student performance and student
mentality towards the subject.
1. Introduction
Medicinal chemistry is a scientific discipline
which combines principles from applied sciences,
particularly in the field of medicine, and basic
sciences where established chemistry conventions
are fundamental. Medicinal chemistry is considered a
vital facet towards undergraduate training in the
pharmaceutical field. It is considered the point of
intersection between synthetic chemistry and
molecular pharmacology that emphasises the
structure-activity relationships (SAR) of drug
molecules. Through a clear understanding of the
subject matter, pharmacy students acquire the basic
knowledge required to derive conclusions about a
drug’s activity within a biological context from
molecular structure. This information can then be
extrapolated to the understanding of drugs‟
mechanisms of action, and principles relating to
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and
toxicity of the drug (ADMETox profile) all of which
are important aspects in drug design endeavours [1].
Students who understand these concepts acquire
commensurate proficiency in rationally arriving at
safe decisions regarding drug selection in clinical
and often critical scenarios. Chemical expertise in
the mode of action and in vivo disposition of
therapeutic molecules singles out pharmacists from
other health care professionals. Medicinal chemistry
is therefore one of the modules which characterises
pharmacists and instills the skills required for
competence in the discipline [1].
Chemistry as an area of study is frequently
associated with low student performance and
enthusiasm. The majority of students follow
chemistry courses at undergraduate level as part of
obligate credits leading to a qualification in their
future professional field. Chemistry is based on
abstract concepts which require concentration, time
and determination to comprehend; this augments the
difficulty associated with the subject. The subject
matter should be presented in a visually engaging
manner and the main role of educators is therefore to
transmit the relevance of undergraduate chemistry
modules while clearly portraying abstract concepts
by venturing into different teaching methods [2].
2. Background
The provision of visual aids to students in order to
enhance appreciation of abstract information and
improve education outcomes is not an entirely novel
concept. Inclusion of visuals offers several
advantages to both students and educators. Wileman
highlights the following advantages; visuals offer
transmission of a larger amount of information over
written explanations in the same amount of space,
simplification of complicated theories, clarification
of abstract, language based concepts, offer
organisation of information in the though formation
process and most importantly research suggests that
Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal (LICEJ), Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2017
Copyright © 2017, Infonomics Society
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