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THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND IRON SUPPLEMENTATION
IN PREGNANT WOMEN TO AFFECT NEWBORN BODY LENGTH IN
BENGKULU
Agung Riyadi
1*
, Lisma Ningsih
2
, Jumiyati
3
, Antun Rahmadi
4
1
Department of Nursing, Bengkulu Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
2
Department of Health Promotion, Bengkulu Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
3
Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
4
Department of Nutrition, Tanjung Karang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
*E-mail: agungr881@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In 2021, the rate of stunting in Indonesia was 24.4%, and 21.1% happened in Bengkulu province. In 2020, the
proportion of pregnant women who receive iron tablets in Bengkulu Province was 97%. Some regencies have a lower
proportion, such as North Bengkulu at 87%. Pregnant women who suffer from the lack of iron and folic acid intake
may experience anemia and impaired fetal growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of calcium and iron
supplementation in pregnant women on newborn body length in Bengkulu Province. This study used an experimental
design with a post-test-only control group. The population was third semester pregnant women in Bengkulu Province.
Subjects were taken using purposive sampling technique. The number of subjects involved was 29 in intervention
group and control group. Instruments used in this study were food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), mid upper arm
circumference tape, and a respondent characteristics questionnaire. Data analysis methods include independent t-test,
correlation, and double linear regression. The consumption of iron tablets and calcium tablets (p=0.0001), as well as
the nutritional status of pregnant women (p=0.0001), have significant effect on newborns body length. Calcium and
iron tablets supplementation improve the nutritional status of pregnant women and increase newborn body length.
However, it should be measured by using same controlling variables such as education, age, parity, protein intake,
vitamin C intake, knowledge and gestational age of childbirth.
Keywords: supplement, pregnant, stunting, experimental
INTRODUCTION
Stunting is a public health issue in Indonesia
that must be addressed. Malnutrition can cause
stunting, particularly during the first 1000 days
of life. Stunting affects children intelligence and
health status as adults (Kementrian Kesehatan
RI, 2018). Children nutritional intake must be
fulfilled optimally, especially 1000 HPK, to grow
up healthy and smart (Husnah, 2017).
Stunted children tended to have a non-optimal
metabolism and were prone to non-communicable
diseases. Stunting inhibits physical growth,
increases the risk of developing diseases and
can inhibit cognitive development. It also affects
productivity in adulthood (Kementrian Kesehatan
RI, 2018).
The stunting rate in Indonesia was 24.4%
in 2021, and 21.1% in Bengkulu province
(Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2021). Pregnant
women anemia and chronic lack of energy leads
to high stunting rates. In 2018, 48.9% of pregnant
women had anemia, and 17.3% had a chronic
shortage of energy (Kemenkes, 2019).
Efforts to overcome stunting need to be
carried out as early as possible, starting when
the mother is declared pregnant until the child
reaches the age of two. Government has carried
out a program of providing supplementary food
for children and pregnant women, as well as the
provision of iron tablets. In 2020, the proportion
of pregnant women who received iron tablets in
Bengkulu Province was 97%. Almost all districts
and cities have achieved quite well, but there are
districts with lower coverage than the coverage
of Bengkulu Province, one of which is North
Bengkulu Regency, by 87% (Badan Pusat Statistik
Provinsi Bengkulu, 2021).
Riyadi et al., Media Gizi Indonesia (National Nutrition Journal)
Special Issue: The 2nd Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON 2022) 2023.18(1SP): 38–45
https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v18i1SP. 38–45
©2023. The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons
-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Received 26-12-2022, Accepted 31-05-2023, Published online 29-06-2023.