Damping Structure Selection in Nonlinear
Ship Manoeuvring Models
Tristan Perez
*,**
El´ıas Revestido-Herrero
***
*
School of Engineering, Discipline of Mechanics and Mechatronics,
The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, AUSTRALIA,
**
Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures (CeSOS), Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NORWAY
***
Dept. of Electronic Technology, Systems Engineering, and
Automatic Control, University of Cantabria, Spain,
Abstract: This paper presents the application of a statistical method for model structure
selection of lift-drag and viscous damping components in ship manoeuvring models. The
damping model is posed as a family of linear stochastic models, which is postulated based
on previous work in the literature. Then a nested test of hypothesis problem is considered.
The testing reduces to a recursive comparison of two competing models, for which optimal
tests in the Neyman sense exist. The method yields a preferred model structure and its initial
parameter estimates. Alternatively, the method can give a reduced set of likely models. Using
simulated data we study how the selection method performs when there is both uncorrelated
and correlated noise in the measurements. The first case is related to instrumentation noise,
whereas the second case is related to spurious wave-induced motion often present during sea
trials. We then consider the model structure selection of a modern high-speed trimaran ferry
from full scale trial data.
Keywords: System Identification, Regression Analysis, Ship Dynamics, Hypothesis Testing.
1. INTRODUCTION
The increasing requirement for accuracy of manoeuvring
models in ship building contractual agreements is favour-
ing more and more the use of system identification (ITTC,
2005). The use of computational fluid dynamics and hy-
drostatic computations based on the hull shape allows one
to predict the value of the mass and restoring terms in
a ship model with adequate accuracy (Perez and Fossen,
2006). Due to the complex phenomenon associated with
damping forces, however, it is difficult to obtain reliable
models without using experimental data.
Different parametric model structures have been proposed
in the past for the damping terms. Most of these model
structures stem either from Taylor expansions (Abkowitz,
1964) or a combination of physical effects like circulation
and cross-flow drag principles (Fedyaevsky and Sobolev,
1964). A recent discussion of model structures can be
found in Clarke (2003), which motivated the re-apraisal
based on physical insight found in Ross (2008). Modelling
of ship manoeuvring based on physical considerations
may easily result in over parameterised models since the
modelling approach involves the use of force superposition
and expansions or related approximations of the different
effects. This approach leads to some parameterisations to
be preferred over their competing counterparts (Blanke
and Knudsen, 2006). Thus, given experimental results,
there is a set of potential models whose relative merit needs
to be assessed.
This paper presents the application of a statistical method
for model structure selection of damping components in
ship manoeuvring models. The damping model is posed
as a classical (statistical) linear model (a linear model
with deterministic regressors and uncorrelated model un-
certainty or measurement noise). A family of such models
is postulated based on previous work of Ross (2008). Then,
a nested test of hypothesis problem is considered to select
a preferred model structure within the postulated family.
The testing is approached using stepwise regression. Deci-
sions about model structure are based on statistical tests
that rely upon the assumptions related to the classical
linear model. These assumptions hold only approximately
for the ship damping model since the regressors are a
function of the velocity measurements and therefore noisy.
Furthermore, model uncertainty may be correlated due
wave-induced motion. As discussed by Silvey (1975), with
a practical problem of this kind, one can opt to look, and
hope, for an optimal method that adhere more closely to
the conditions, or abandon the idea of optimality in favour
of intuitive appeal and apply a method that would still
lead to acceptable solutions. The latter is the approach
followed in this paper. Using simulated data, we test the
robustness of the method to the case of noisy regressors
with both correlated and uncorrelated noise characteristic
8th IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems
Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
September 15-17, 2010
978-3-902661-88-3/10/$20.00 © 2010 IFAC 73 10.3182/20100915-3-DE-3008.00053