https://www.inosr.net/inosr-experimental-sciences/
158
Katushabe
INOSR Experimental Sciences 12(2):158-171, 2023.
©INOSR PUBLICATIONS
International Network Organization for Scientific Research ISSN:2705-1692
https://doi.org/10.59298/INOSRES/2023/2.12.1000
Determinants of Pre-Eclampsia Incidence among Pregnant Women in
Antenatal Care at Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital
Katushabe Dorothy
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
ABSTRACT
Pre-eclampsia stands as a major contributor to maternal mortality, perinatal complications,
preterm births, and restricted fetal growth. Globally, it ranks among the top three causes of
maternal mortality and affects 6-8% of pregnancies, contributing to approximately nine
percent of maternal deaths in Africa. This study aimed to identify factors linked to pre-
eclampsia prevalence among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Fortportal
Regional Referral Hospital. Conducting a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 60
pregnant women, data collection employed a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis
with SPSS version 25 determined Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals, marking
significance at p values <0.05. Findings revealed several significant associations. Socio-
demographic factors like lower maternal age, limited education, and reduced income were
linked to pre-eclampsia, alongside obstetric factors including lower parity (≤ 4), overweight
status, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, shorter interpregnancy intervals (≤ 2
years), and previous diagnoses of gestational hypertension. The study underscores the
critical need for urgent interventions in the district to address these identified risk factors
and prevent and manage pre-eclampsia effectively among pregnant women attending
Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital. Both socio-economic and obstetric factors
significantly contribute to the occurrence of pre-eclampsia, necessitating targeted
interventions for improved maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Keywords: prevalence, pre-eclampsia, pregnant women, antenatal care
INTRODUCTION
Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of
maternal mortality (15-20% in developed
countries) and morbidities, perinatal
deaths, preterm birth, and intrauterine
growth restriction [1-10]. By definition,
preeclampsia is defined as high blood
pressure (>140mmHg systolic and
90mmHg diastolic) with proteins in urine
(300mg) within 24 hours that manifest
after 20 weeks of pregnancy [11-21].
Furthermore, it is among the three leading
causes of maternal mortality and
morbidity worldwide, it occurs in 6-8% of
all pregnancies, and is estimated to
account for at least nine percent of
maternal deaths in Africa [22-32].
Eight hundred women die every day from
pregnancy or child birth related
complications worldwide but ninety nine
percent of these deaths occur in
developing countries [33-39].
Approximately 10-20 million women will
experience complications associated with
child bearing each year while the
differences in numbers of maternal
deaths in parts of the world reflect
inequities to access of health services and
the gap between rich and poor. In
developing countries, the maternal
mortality ratio is 240 per 100,000
compared to 16 per 100,000 in developed
countries [40-49].
Hypertension in pregnancy falls among
the most important complications during
pregnancy in addition to excessive
bleeding and infection that account for