Thu Dau Mot University Journal of Science ISSN (print): 1859-4433; (online): 2615-9635 www.tdmujournal.vn Page 102 ENHANCING SOLAR POWER EFFICIENCY: A COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES FOR GRID-TIED PV SYSTEMS Pham Hong Thanh (1) , Nguyen Phuong Tra (1) (1) Thu Dau Mot University Corresponding author: thanhph@tdmu.edu.vn DOI: 10.37550/tdmu.EJS/2025.01.615 Article Info Volume: 7 Issue: 1 March: 2025 Received: Sep 03 rd , 2024 Accepted: Jan 23 th , 2025 Page No: 102-113 Abstract This research investigates the effectiveness of three Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms—Incremental Conductance (IC), Perturb and Observe (P&O), and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)—in optimizing power output in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems. Each algorithm was tested under varying environmental conditions, focusing on performance in terms of energy extraction, stability, and adaptability to fluctuating irradiance and temperature. Results indicate that FLC offers superior performance, exhibiting reduced power fluctuations and faster responsiveness to environmental changes compared to IC and P&O. These insights contribute to enhancing PV system efficiency and reliability in modern power grids. Keywords: FLC, IC, MPPT, P&O, PV Energy 1. Introduction With the continuous increase in global energy demand, the need for alternative, renewable energy sources have become more urgent than ever. Among the various renewable energy technologies, PV systems stand out due to their ability to harness solar energy and convert it directly into electricity (Abidi et al., 2023). Solar energy is a highly attractive solution because it is abundant, clean, and sustainable, making it a key component in efforts to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental pollution. Despite the advantages, PV systems face significant challenges in their practical implementation. One major issue is the variability in energy output due to changing environmental conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, varying levels of solar irradiance, shading, and other weather-related factors (Al-Kubragyi, 2023; Alharbi et al., 2023). These conditions can drastically affect the efficiency of PV systems, leading to suboptimal energy production. To address this, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are employed to optimize the power output of PV panels by continuously adjusting the operating point of the system (Soumana et al., 2022). MPPT algorithms are essential in grid-tied PV systems, where efficient power extraction is critical for ensuring consistent energy supply and grid stability (Noman et al., 2023). There are several MPPT techniques, each with different complexities and performance