Birth Order and Favorism: Are Firstborns Favored More Than Younger Siblings? Author: Aishatu Abubakar, M.Ed Guidance and Counseling Affiliation: National Open University of Nigeria Email: hubbeenmama@gmail.com Date: 2023 Abstract Parental favoritism is a widely debated phenomenon, with birth order playing a significant role in how parents treat their children. Research suggests that firstborns are often viewed as responsible, mature, and high-achieving, while younger siblings may receive more leniency and emotional support. This paper explores the psychological, cultural, and social influences of birth order favoritism, particularly within Nigerian families. Using Adler’s Birth Order Theory, Social Comparison Theory, and Family Systems Theory, the study examines how favoritism impacts sibling relationships, self-esteem, academic performance, and career aspirations. The paper further discusses how Nigerian cultural expectations and traditional parenting styles reinforce or challenge favoritism, influencing family dynamics and child development. Keywords Birth Order, Favoritism, Sibling Relationships, Nigerian Families, Parental Expectations, Birth Order Theory, Family Systems Theory 1. Introducon Parental favoritism has long been recognized as a significant factor in shaping family dynamics, with birth order often influencing how parents distribute their attention, responsibilities, and resources. In many cultures, including Nigeria, firstborn children are traditionally seen as leaders within the family, bearing higher expectations for academic success, discipline, and responsibility. Conversely, younger siblings may receive more leniency, emotional support, or a greater degree of freedom. While favoritism can sometimes be subtle, it has profound effects on sibling relationships, personal development, and long-term psychological well-being. This paper explores the hidden impacts of birth order favoritism in Nigerian families, examining whether firstborns are truly favored over younger siblings. Drawing from psychological theories and cultural analysis, it investigates how parental biases shape sibling interactions, self-esteem, academic performance, and emotional health. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Adler’s Birth Order Theory and Favorism Alfred Adler’s (1927) Birth Order Theory suggests that a child's position in the family hierarchy influences their personality and behavior. Firstborns are often expected to be responsible and