THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND
NATURAL RESOURCES SCIENCES
Journal homepage: http://www.journals.wsrpublishing.com/index.php/tjanrs
Online ISSN: 2383-238X Print ISSN: 2423-4397
Corresponding Author: Adeyanju, B.E < davemoh20@yahoo.com >
How to Cite this Article: Bolade, M. K.; Enuguigha, V. N. and Adeyanju, B.E. (2016). Evaluation
of the proximate and functional properties of Aadun, Kokoro and Kango made from mixture of three
different ratios of maize, alligator pepper and kidney beans. The Journal of Agriculture and Natural
Resources Sciences, 3(1), 59-69.
Retrieved from http://www.journals.wsrpublishing.com/index.php/tjanrs/article/view/265
Article History: Received: 2015-06-12 Accepted: 2015-08-15
Copyright ©2016 World Science and Research Publishing. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
59
Original Article
Evaluation of the proximate and functional properties of Aadun,
Kokoro and Kango made from mixture of three different ratios of
maize, alligator pepper and kidney beans
M.K. Bolade, V.N. Enuguigha and B.E. Adeyanju *
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure,
Ondo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Maize or corn is a cereal crop that is grown widely throughout the world in a range of agro-
ecological environments. More maize is produced annually than any other grain. It has been
used for the production of many snacks in Nigeria. The white and yellow varieties are
preferred by most people depending on the region. Kidney beans are good source of
cholesterol-lowering fiber; prevents blood sugar levels from rising and is a good choice for
individuals with diabetes, insulin resistance or hypoglycemia. The evaluation of the
proximate and functional properties of Aadun, Kokoro and Kango made from mixture of
three different ratios of maize varieties, alligator pepper and kidney beans was carried out
using standard methods of analysis. The three maize varieties are ART, BR99 and SUWAN,
all mixed with alligator pepper and kidney beans in the ratio 720:260:20; 826:157:16 and
759:236:5 respectively. The result of the analysis showed that at 100%, SUWAN maize
variety has the highest moisture content (9.64±0.01), ash (1.36±0.01) and fat (5.64±0.02),
while ART maize variety had the highest crude protein (14.46±0.03), fiber (0.91±0.01) and
carbohydrate (72.54±0.23). The anti-nutrients found in alligator pepper and kidney beans
were tannin, phenol, oxalate and phytate in an increasing order. Comparatively, phytate was
higher in kidney beans (52.51±0.30) than alligator pepper (33.43±0.24). Aadun made from
BR99 maize in ratio 826:157:16 had the highest carbohydrate content (77.86±0.08) while the
one made with SUWAN and ART in ratios 720:260:20 and 759:236:5 had the highest protein
contents of 20.06±0.04 and 19.91±0.02 respectively. Kokoro made with SUWAN in ratio
759:236:5 had the highest protein content of 20.96±0.01. On the other hand, kango made with
ART in ratio 759:236:5 had the highest protein content of 22.59±0.09. The functional
properties such as water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and foaming capacity
increased in these varieties while least gelation concentration and emulsifying capacity