197 Int. J. Morphol., 42(1):197-204, 2024. Effect of Brassica rapa var. rapifera on Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Wistar Rats Under Glucolipotoxicity Condition Efecto de Brassica rapa var. rapifera sobre la Resistencia a la Insulina y el Análisis Inflamatorio del Tejido Adiposo Visceral de Ratas Wistar Obesas en Condiciones de Glucolipotoxicidad Leila Smail 1 ; Nadjiba Hamlat 1 ; Sihem Berdja 1 ; Saliha Boumaza 1 ; Samia Neggazi 1 ; Ghouti Kacimi 2 ; Lynda Boudarene 3 & Souhila Aouichat Bouguerra 1 SMAIL, L.; HAMLAT, N.; BERDJA, S.; BOUMAZA, S.; NEGGAZI, S.; KACIMI, G.; BOUDARENE, L. & BOUGUERRA, S. A. Effect of Brassica rapa var. rapifera on insulin resistance and inflammatory analysis of visceral adipose tissue of obese Wistar rats under glucolipotoxicity condition. Int. J. Morphol., 42(1):197-204, 2024. SUMMARY: Obesity-related pathophysiologies such as insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome show a markedly increased risk for type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This risk appears to be linked to alterations in adipose tissue function, leading to chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of adipocyte-derived factors. Brassica rapa have been used in traditional medici- ne for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes.. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional stress induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet on the pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissue and the therapeutic effect of Brassica rapa in male Wistar rats. We subjected experimental rats to a high-fat (10 %) high-sucrose (20 %)/per day for 11 months and treated them for 20 days with aqueous extract Br (AEBr) at 200 mg/kg at the end of the experiment. At the time of sacrifice, we monitored plasma and tissue biochemical parameters as well as the morpho-histopathology of visceral adipose tissue. We found AEBr corrected metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in homogenized visceral adipose tissue and reduced hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and lipid droplets. These results suggest that AEBr enhances anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and a protective effect on adipose tissue morphology in type 2 diabetes and obesity. KEY WORDS: Brassica rapa; AEBr; Diabetic; Glucolipotoxicity; Visceral adipose tissue. INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that can impair health (Keys et al., 1972). Accumulation of fat in the abdominal region during obesity is strongly implicated in the development of insulin resistance, a necessary condition for the development of type 2 diabetes. In this situation, the action of insulin is impaired, resulting in extensive lipolysis and the release of free fatty acids. These used by the liver and muscle, to the detriment of glucose, favor the installation of glucolipotoxicity, marked by an overproduction of hepatic glucose, increased synthesis of hepatic and muscular triglycerides, and a reduction in the consumption of glucose by the liver and muscular. Visceral adipose tissue is also characterized by low-grade inflammation, marked by the recruitment of immune cells (Finkel & Holbrook, 2000). Thus, at the stage of insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue presents morphological (infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase in the size of adipocytes) and functional signs (altered adipokine secretion profile with an increase in pro- inflammatory hormones and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL- 6, and leptin, and decreased levels of proteins with anti- inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties such as adiponectin) established during obesity and type 2 diabetes (Wellen & Hotamisligil, 2003). A variety of natural products have been proposed as pharmacological treatments for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndromes. In traditional medicine, Brassica rapa or "turnip" 1 Laboratory of Physiology of Organisms, Team of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Houari Boumedienne, (USTHB) BP 32 El Alia, 16011 Algiers, Algeria. 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry of Central Hospital of Army, Ain Naadja, 16005 Algiers, Algeria. 3 Laboratory of Organic and Functionally Analysis, Faculty of, Chemistry, USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, 16011Algiers, Algeria. Received: 2023-11-03 Accepted: 2023-12-05