336 J. Global Business Advancement, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2011
Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Internationalisation of architectural firms from
emerging economies: the Malaysian experience
Abdul Rashid Abdul-Aziz* and
Haniza-Azmaya C.M. Nor Azmi
School of Housing Building and Planning,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Penang, Malaysia
Email: abdulrashid.abdulaziz@gmail.com
Email: gabrielle_am84@yahoo.com
*Corresponding author
Abstract: Studies on the internationalisation of the services sector, particularly
from developing economies, are lacking. A study on the internationalisation of
Malaysian architectural firms was conducted to determine the motives for
internationalisation, their competitive strengths, countries they penetrated, the
locational factors they considered before entering foreign markets, methods of
securing work and market entry modes. Data were collected using a postal
questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews. Fifteen out of the known 54
internationalised firms returned their completed questionnaires (28% response
rate). Seven agreed to be interviewed. The sampled firms internationalised at
different rates using various pathways, mainly depending on top management
judgement and chance. Quality of service and mutual recognition of
professional qualification were the highest ranked firm-related and country-
related competitive strengths, respectively. Their greatest concern with host
countries was political stability. Networks played an important role in securing
overseas work and entering foreign markets.
Keywords: architectural services; competitiveness; firms; location;
internationalisation; networks; pathways; trade; developing economies;
Malaysia.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Abdul-Aziz, A.R. and
Nor Azmi, H-A.C.M. (2011) ‘Internationalisation of architectural firms
from emerging economies: the Malaysian experience’, J. Global Business
Advancement, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.336–355.
Biographical notes: Abdul Rashid Abdul-Aziz is a Professor at the School
of Housing Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. He is
an active researcher and writer. His research interest includes project
management, labour issues and internationalisation.
Haniza-Azmaya C.M. Nor Azmi is a Research Officer attached with the School
of Housing Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang,
Malaysia. She was a graduate of University Utara Malaysia.