In the name of the farmer and of the worker: emerging spaces for smallholder and worker participation in horticulture value chains 14/9/10 1 ESRC Workshop The global politics of rural development in Sub-Saharan Africa University of Warwick 14 th September 2010 Anne Tallontire (with Maggie Opondo & Valerie Nelson) Drawn from project funded by DFID and ESRC; Grant ref: RES-167-25-0195; Grant title: Governance Implications of Private Standards Initiatives in Agri-Food Chains In the name of the farmer and of the worker: emerging spaces for smallholder and worker participation in horticulture value chains 1. Aims and project background 2. Participation and policy spaces 3. Spaces for small farmers: GlobalGAP in Kenya 4. Spaces for workers: labour rights and Fairtrade in Kenya 5. Standards and policy spaces 6. Spaces for workers and farmers? In the name of the farmer and of the worker The Politics of Private Standards (POPS) African horticulture is responding to market demand for quality produce that also complies with buyer codes on agricultural practice and labour rights by establishing private standards initiatives (PSIs) What do PSIs mean for regulation and stakeholder relationships in developing countries and along the global value chain? The Governance Implications of Private Standards Initiatives in Agri-food Chains May 2007-April 2010 University of Nairobi Grant ref: RES-167-25-0195 Spaces for participation and private standards “Talking in terms of spaces for participation conveys the situated nature of participation, the bounded yet permeable arenas in which participation is invited.....” (Cornwall, 2004: 75) Good Agricultural Practice Labour rights GLOBALG.A.P. Participation in Policy Spaces Closed Invited Claimed local national international Private Standards Workers and farmers Exporter associations, government, local NGOs, trade unions Standards bodies, buyers, international NGOs and TUs Gaventa (2006), Cornwall (2004) Small farmers and GlobalGAP Initially developed by European retailers Aim to ensure delivery of safe food Detailed protocol and control points on Good Agricultural Practices, e.g. pesticide use Audited “one of the leading drivers for implementing changes in farming practices towards sustainability” “The Global Partnership for Safe and Sustainable Agriculture” G.A.P .