Documenta Ophthalmologica 101: 11–18, 2000.
© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
Standard for pattern electroretinography
MICHAEL BACH
1,*
, MARKO HAWLINA
2
, GRAHAM E. HOLDER
3
,
MICHAEL F. MARMOR
4
, THOMAS MEIGEN
5
, VAEGAN
6
and YOZO
MIYAKE
7,*
(for the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision)
From
1
Univ.-Augenklinik, Freiburg, Germany;
2
University Eye Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
3
Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK;
4
Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford (Calif.)
University School of Medicine;
5
Univ.-Augenklinik, Würzburg; Germany;
6
Visiontest
Australia, Sydney, Australia; and
7
Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
Accepted 25 May 2000
Abstract. The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a retinal response evoked by viewing
an alternating checkerboard or grating. It receives clinical and research attention because it
can provide information about inner retinal cells and the macula. However, clinicians may
have trouble choosing between different techniques for recording the PERG that have been
described in the literature. The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision
has prepared a standard for a basic PERG recording procedure to aid new users in obtaining
reliable responses and to encourage more uniformity among existing users.
Key words: clinical electrophysiology, electroretinogram, pattern electroretinogram
Introduction
The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a retinal biopotential that is evoked
when a temporally modulated patterned stimulus of constant total luminance
(checkerboard or grating) is viewed. The PERG is most often evoked by al-
ternating reversal of a checkerboard pattern. It may be altered in dysfunction
of the macula or of the inner retina selectively, which do not significantly af-
fect the conventional full-field ERG. The PERG receives clinical and research
attention in both neurological and ophthalmological practice. However, the
PERG is a very small signal, typically in the region of 0.5–8 μV depending
on stimulus characteristics, and PERG recording is technically more demand-
ing than the conventional ERG. Recordings published in the literature vary
considerably in technical quality as well as technique, and new users may
find it difficult to choose which technique to use.
*
M. Bach chaired the PERG Standardization Committee and Y. Miyake is President of the
ISCEV.