Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2012, Article ID 313120, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/313120 Clinical Study Application of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ophthalmology Ricardo Salles Cauduro, 1 Caroline do Amaral Ferraz, 2 Maira Saad ´ Avila Morales, 1 Patricia Novita Garcia, 1, 3 Yara Cristina Lopes, 1 Paulo Henrique Souza, 1, 2 and Norma Allemann 1, 2, 4 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S˜ ao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil 2 Fleury Medicina e Sa´ ude, Ophthalmology Diagnostic Center, 04501-900 S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Miseric´ ordia de S˜ ao Paulo, 01221-020 S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil 4 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Ricardo Salles Cauduro, cauduro.ricardo@gmail.com Received 27 November 2011; Accepted 16 May 2012 Academic Editor: Charles J. Pavlin Copyright © 2012 Ricardo Salles Cauduro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. Application of anterior segment optical coherence (AS-OCT) in pediatric ophthalmology. Methods. Retrospective clinical study case series of 26 eyes of 19 pediatric patients throughout a 21-month period, presenting anterior segment pathologies, were submitted to AS-OCT examination (OCT Visante, 1310 nm, Zeiss), noncontact technique, no sedation requirement. Results. AS- OCT images were obtained from 19 patients (range: 2 months to 12 years). Clinical diagnosis of anterior segment abnormalities included cornea disease (n = 7), congenital anterior segment conditions (n = 10), ocular trauma (n = 1), anterior segment surgeries (n = 2), iridocorneal angle abnormalities (n = 4), intermediate uveitis (n = 2). The most common OCT findings were corneal hyperreflectivity and thickening (n = 15), shallow anterior chamber with iris-lens diaphragm anterior displacement (n = 4), atypical corneal curvature (n = 4), corneal thinning (n = 4), peripheral synechiae with angle closure (n = 3), increased anterior chamber depth (n = 2), and proximal portion of glaucoma drainage tube (n = 2). Conclusion. In the present study, noncontact AS-OCT demonstrated to be a feasible technique to evaluate the anterior segment providing anatomic details and useful to clarify diagnosis in the pediatric population. 1. Introduction Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technique, which allows a noninvasive tissue obser- vation through sectional cuts of the ocular structure. This concept is based on the measurement of low-coherence delay infrared light reflected onto a tissue to be examined with the use of interferometry [1, 2]. The system with a wavelength of 1310 nm has allowed greater penetration into opaque tissues such as sclera and limbus for the visualization of angular structures [1–4]. Anterior segment OCT (AS- OCT) technology has improved in the last years with the development of higher resolution systems, considering time domain and Fourier-domain systems. In most cases, OCT has its usage limited to the adult population. The role of anterior segment OCT in ocular pediatric diseases has not been well reported [5]. Anterior segment anatomy evaluation in children is challenging and was restricted to high-frequency ultrasound techniques (UBM), which required immersion technique and sedation [6]. 2. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients under 12 years of age presenting with anterior segment conditions and requir- ing imaging techniques for elucidation were submitted to