Robust Full On-Chip CMOS Low Dropout Voltage
Regulator with Active Compensation
Zared Kamal
Electrical Engineering Department
Faculty of sciences and technology
Fez, Morocco
zaredk@hotmail.com
Qjidaa Hassan
Department of Physics
Faculty of sciences Dhar El-Mehraz
Fez, Morocco
qjidah@yahoo.fr
Zouak Mouhcine
Electrical Engineering Department
Faculty of sciences and technology
Fez, Morocco
doyen@fst-usmba.ac.ma
Abstract This paper present a full on-chip and area
efficient low dropout voltage regulator(LDO), exploiting the
nested miller compensation with active capacitor (NMCAC) to
eliminate the external capacitor and active feedback resistors to
reduce the chip area. The external capacitor is removed allowing
for greater power system integration for system on-chip
applications. The idea has applied to stabilize a 1.6 V, 50 mA
Low dropout regulator. Using the proposed techniques the
regulator LDO works with a supply voltage as low as 1.8 V and
provides a load current 50 mA with a dropout voltage of 200 mV
and output variation 4 mV when a full load step 0-50 mA is
applied. It designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Keywords Low dropout, MOSCAP, NMCAC, Active
feedback, MOS compensation, low-voltage regulators, system on
chip, regulators.
I. INTRODUCTION
Over the last decade, power management in integrated
circuit has become an increasingly important design
consideration for numerous products, especially those relying
on battery power. Complicating the power management
situation, as more features get integrated into products, the
number of required voltage supplies increases. power
management utilizing multiple local on-chip voltage regulators
is a very promising approach in system-on-chip development
[1][2]. The latest generation of LDOs offer the optimum
answer for powering circuitry in many of the portable device
applications such as cell phones, PDAs, pagers, notebooks,
cameras and other handheld portable systems where high
performance power supply circuits are required. In fact, they
can provide regulated and accurate supply voltages for noise
sensitive analog blocks, and they are often arranged in series to
switching regulators to remove the inherent noise produced by
the switching activity[4][7]. These advantages makes LDO
widely used in portable systems, especially in RF circuitry To
increase battery-life and to achieve better power efficiency.
Unfortunately, the tradeoff between stability and dropout
voltage of linear regulators makes uncompensated LDOs
potentially unstable.
The conventional LDO locates the dominant pole at very
low frequency at the output to achieve the frequency
compensation and provide a good dynamic performance, a
large off-chip capacitor at LDO output, generally about 0.47
μF to 4.7 μF for 100 mA LDO [1],[3][8]. The large off-chip
capacitor occupy a large chip area, and it is difficult to
integrate multiple LDOs on a single chip. In order to design a
full on-chip LDO regulator, the number of compensating
capacitors must be minimized[3] [5],[7].
Different methods have been introduced recently to
improve the performance of full on-chip LDO. In [4], the
proposed LDO utilize a damping-factor control frequency
compensation. The regulator is based on a multistage amplifier,
and provide an output voltage of 1.8 V, a maximum output
current of 150 mA and 108 mV of line regulation. however,
the overshoots at the output of LDO proposed in [4] is too large
(900 mV), and the settling time is about 5 μs. , it is not
acceptable for SoC applications. In [6], the proposed structure
improve a good stability, a high dc loop gain, but a problems
still remain in this design. The overshoot is about 350 mV, the
PSRR at 1 KHz is -40.6 dB. Moreover the complicated Miller
frequency compensation is needed [4-6]. The nested Miller
978-1-4799-0792-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE