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The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; SP-11(2): 814-819
ISSN (E): 2277- 7695
ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23
TPI 2022; SP-11(2): 814-819
© 2022 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 22-12-2021
Accepted: 24-01-2022
Sundar Pal
Teaching Cum Research
Associate, Department of
Entomology, Rani Lakshmi Bai
Central Agricultural University,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi
Dean, College of Agriculture,
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central
Agricultural University,
Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
David Chella Baskar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Agriculture
Economics, Rani Lakshmi Bai
Central Agricultural University,
Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Pradeep Kumar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Entomology,
Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Amit Kumar Patel
Assistant Professor,
Department of Entomology,
Dr. C.V. Raman University,
Chhattisgarh, India
Arvind Parmar
Assistant Professor,
Department of Entomology,
Sam Global University, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Vishal Sarsiya
Teaching Associate,
Department of Entomology,
Mandsaur University, Mandsaur,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author
Sundar Pal
Teaching Cum Research
Associate, Department of
Entomology, Rani Lakshmi Bai
Central Agricultural University,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Efficacy of insecticides against pod borer complex in
pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)
Sundar Pal, Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi, David Chella Baskar, Pradeep
Kumar, Amit Kumar Patel, Arvind Parmar and Vishal Sarsiya
Abstract
Background: Pigeonpea is one of the most widely grown pulse crop in India, and farmers should use
recommended pesticides to harvest good yield instead of using ineffective and unknown agrochemicals.
Methods: A field trial was conducted at RLBCAU, Jhansi, (India), to study efficacy of Beauveria
bassiana, chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin, emmamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, profenophose,
quinalphos, and spinosad against leaf webber, (Maruca vitrata Geyer), pod borer, (Helicoverpa
armigera), and pod fly, (Melanagromyza obtuse) affecting pigeonpea crop during Kharif season 2020.
Result: Spinosad had the most extended residual effect on pigeonpea against all the insects, thus been
able to save more than 90% of the pod and grain from insect damage, as well as reduce larval populations
by 90%. The spinosad treated plots provided the higher benefit cost ratio and grain yield.
Keywords: efficacy, Helicoverpa armigera, Insecticides, Maruca vitrata, Melanagromyza obtuse
Introduction
Pulses are the world's most popular food, with India producing about 25% of global
production, consuming 27%, and using 34% (Shukla and Mishra, 2020)
[19]
. Pigeonpea, the
second important pulse crop after chickpea, is often grown in semi-arid and tropical regions of
India (Sarkar et al., 2020)
[13]
. In India, about 150 species of insects attack pulse crops
(Seetharamu et al., 2020). There are 38 species of Lepidopteran insects those damage
pigeonpea crops worldwide (Shanower et al., 1999)
[15]
. Pigeonpea crop is damaged severely
by the gram pod borer, (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner); leaf webber, (Maruca vitrata Geyer),
pod fly, (Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch), plume moth, (Exelastis atomosa Walsingham), and
pod bugs. Under affirmative conduction, Helicoverpa armigera dislodged 60-90% of the grain
yield, and Melanagromyza obtusa ranged from 10 to 90% (Durairaj, 2006)
[4]
. According to
Randhawa and Verma (2011)
[11]
, 26-28% of flower damage in pigeonpea was caused by M.
vitrata whereas Singh and Singh (1990) reported that a variety of Hemipteran insects caused
average 50% yield loss in pigeonpea. Management stratagies were chalked out based on the
economic threshold level for Maruca vitrata (4.19 webs/plant), Manohar and Kumar, 2017);
Helicoverpa armigera (2-4% pod infestation), Goyal et al., 1990)
[5]
, and Melanagromyza
obtusa (4.60% pod damage), (Chiranjeevi and Patange, 2017)
[3]
. A pod borer was recognized
during the 44
th
and 45
th
standard weeks of the Kharif season (Yadav et al., 2021)
[6]
. Farmers
successfully implement crop protection strategies proposed by scientists but farmers usually
think that insect pest can be managed by only chemicals. Weeds, insect pests, fungi, bacteria,
viruses, and nematodes are among the biotic stresses curbing pigeonpea productivity (Singh et
al., 2020)
[21]
. The farmscape approach is an adequate and reliable eco-friendly
superintendence artifice (Sujayanand et al., 2021)
[18]
. In pigeonpea crude protein and soluble
sugar content were used to identify pod infestations where fat, phenol, and tannin content were
also associated with insect pest resistance (Jat et al., 2021)
[6]
. Therefore, a study was
conducted in Bundelkhand to recommend insecticides those can be used by farmers to protect
pigeonpea crops from insect pests infestation. The excessive use of insecticides may result in
insecticidal resistance (Kranthi et al., 2002)
[8]
and the resurgence of secondary insect pests,
leading to yield losses may be seen.
Materials and Methods
Study location
The experiment was carried during Kharif 2020 at the Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural