Consensus Statement- PreHospital Care of Exertional Heat Stroke
By: Luke N. Belval, Douglas J. Casa, William M. Adams, George T. Chiampas, Jolie C.
Holschen, Yuri Hosokawa, John Jardine, Shawn F. Kane, Michele Labotz, Renée S. Lemieux,
Kyle B. McClaine, Nathaniel S. Nye, Francis G. O'Connor, Bryan Prine, Neha P. Raukar,
Michael S. Smith & Rebecca L. Stearns
Belval LN, Casa DJ, Adams WM, Chiampas GT, Davis R, Holschen J, Hosokawa Y, Jardine JF,
Kane SF, Labotz M, Lemieux R, McClaine K, Nye NS, O’Connor FG, Prine B, Raukar N, Smith
MS, Stearns RL. Consensus Statement- PreHospital Care of Exertional Heat Stroke. Prehospital
Emergency Care. 2018;22(3):392-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.1392666
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Prehospital
Emergency Care on 16 January 2018, available online:
http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10903127.2017.1392666.
***© 2018 National Association of EMS Physicians. Reprinted with permission. No further
reproduction is authorized without written permission from Taylor & Francis. This version
of the document is not the version of record. ***
Abstract:
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is one of the most common causes of sudden death in athletes. It
also represents a unique medical challenge to the prehospital healthcare provider due to the time
sensitive nature of treatment. In cases of EHS, when cooling is delayed, there is a significant
increase in organ damage, morbidity, and mortality after 30 minutes, faster than the average
EMS transport and ED evaluation window. The purpose of this document is to present a
paradigm for prehospital healthcare systems to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality for
EHS patients. With proper planning, EHS can be managed successfully by the prehospital
healthcare provider.
Keywords: heat stroke | heat stress disorders | hyperthermia | sports | exercise
Article:
INTRODUCTION
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is an emergent hyperthermic condition that occurs in individuals
performing physical activity, typically in warm environments (1, 2), but can also occur with
exertion or impaired heat dissipation in cool environments (3). This is contrasted by classic heat
stroke, which occurs more commonly in those lacking normal thermoregulation, such as the
elderly and infants during heat waves. EHS is characterized by severe hyperthermia (>40.5°C)
and end organ dysfunction, which typically manifests as central nervous system (CNS)
dysfunction (4). Optimal outcomes from EHS requires rapid reversal of hyperthermia through
whole body cooling (5, 6). Evidence has shown that immediate and aggressive cooling after
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