Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 IJISRT23JUN1368 www.ijisrt.com 1716 Comparative Optimal Daily Functionality of Industrial and Constructed Atmega328P Microcontrollers in Solar Energy Measurement System Chikwudo O. Nwoye 1* , Stella O. Ezeonu 2 , Ugochukwu J. Nwoye 3 , Dozie T. Ekwunife 4 Postgraduate Research Student 1 , Professor 2 , Lecturer 3&4 1&2 Physics and Industrial Physics, 4 Computer and Electronic Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra, Nigeria Correspondence Author:- Chikwudo O. Nwoye 1* Abstract:- The embrace of solar energy by government and individuals for the installation and operation of public energy-enabled facilities is gradually dwindling in recent times for reasons that may not be entirely cost related especially with the recent past administration of the Anambra State governments preference for diesel powered street lights for eight years, the study was motivated to focus on the need for adequate measurement and evaluation of the output current, output voltage, temperature, and open circuit voltage of the solar energy system in the target area towards assessing the environment’s suitability for household and commercial based rich energy generation, operations and sustainability. Adopting the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology, a brand new ATmega328P Microcontroller System denoted as CONST, was designed, constructed and implemented with the aid of Current sensor (ACS 712), Voltage sensor (Resistors 100Kohms), and Temperature sensor (LM35) Other materials used for the construction were Aluminum Heat Sink, Relay (5V), LCD, Vero circuit board, 1mm flexible wire, white medium size casing, solder, DC to DC Converter, and Buzzer sound alarm. The field measurement was implemented using two PV Solar Panels 280W, two 12V batteries (200AH and 70AH), two inverters (1KV and 12KV), two 100Watts bulbs as load, and one Multimeter. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the Constructed (CONST) ATmega328P microcontroller system and another but Industrial-Made (INDUSM) ATmega328P Microcontroller system were utilized to conduct the field measurement. Relevant data readings obtained were comparatively analyzed using graphs and the One Way ANOVA statistical tool. Output/results obtained showed that on day 1, under CONST System, when temperature is at 25 o C (day 1), 30 o C (day 2) and 33 o C (day 3) at 0800hour, maximum Current and Voltage output of 3.45A (day 1), 7.36A (day 2) & 4.93A (day 3) and 14.11V (day 1), V (day 2) & 13.21V (day 3) are observed. But under the INDUSM System, a maximum Current and Voltage of 6.6A (day 1) 8.1A (day 2) & 6.27A (day 3) and 10.3V (day 1), 10.4V (day 2) & 13V (day 3) are obtained at 0800hour as Temperature output reads 38 o C (day 1), 37 o C (day 2) & 36 o C (day 3). A higher output was however observed at 1200hour. Under the CONST System, when Temperature rises to 49 o C (day 1), 45 o C (day 2) & 51 o C (day 3), a maximum Current and Voltage output of 9.11A (day 1), 12.5A (day 2) & 10.73A (day 3) and 14.66V (day 1), 20.41V (day 2), & 14.47V (day 3) are recorded. This is a bit different from the observations under the INDUSM System where at 1200hour when Temperature rises to 44 o C (day 1), 57 o C (day 2) & 43 o C (day 3), a maximum Current and Voltage output of 13.2A (day 1), 11.6A (day 2) & 12.42A (day 3) and 13.9V (day 1), 13.4V (day 2) & 15.3V (day 3) are obtained. Keywords:- ATmega329P Microcontroller, Output Current, Output Voltage, Solar Energy Measurement System, Temperature. I. INTRODUCTION Nearly every technological apparatus requires power for its optimal performance (1). However, (2) notes with regret that the electricity sector in Nigeria generates, transmits and distributes megawatts of electric power that is significantly less than what is needed to meet basic household and industrial needs. Despite twenty five generating plants taken over by six (6) generating companies (Gencos) with the capacity to generate 12,522 megawatts (MW) of electricity (against expected minimum of 40,000 MW required to meet household and industrial consumption in Nigeria) amid energy transmission and distribution operations presently being handled by one transmission company of Nigeria and 11 licensed distribution companies (Discos) respectively, an average of 3,827 MW was all that could be generated daily as at May, 2018 (2) and (3). This is more as the rising costs of fossil fuels (from N65 per litre in 2015 to N600 per litre as at May 2023 as well as Diesel from N130 per litre in 2015 to N750 per litre as at May 2023), and the consequent noisy activities of millions of generators across the country have gradually began to change the narrative about energy generation in Nigeria. The negligence of the rising rate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Nigeria by the Federal and State governments towards responding effectively to the deteriorating incidence of