International Journal of Composite Materials 2018, 8(1): 10-17
DOI: 10.5923/j.cmaterials.20180801.02
Dispersion of MWNT under Different Solvents and Its
Effect on the Electrical Properties of Cured-Epoxidized
Linseed Oil Composites
E. Vigueras Santiago
1
, M. A. Camacho López
1
, J. E. Moreno Marcelino
2
, S. Hernández López
1,*
1
Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Caracterización de Materiales Avanzados (LIDMA); Facultad de Química de Química de la Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). Paseo Tollocan Esquina con Paseo Colón, s/n. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca
2
Student in the Materials Science Master Program, UAEM
Abstract Non-functionalized and functionalized multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed in epoxidized
linseed oil (ELO) using an ultrasonic bath. Qualitative dispersion of the three different carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in four
different solvents with and without ELO was followed by optical microscopy, and quantitative analysis of CNTs was
performed by calculating the critical concentration from their percolation curves after they were thermally cured. Dimethyl
formamide (DMF) was found to be a better solvent for dispersing the three kinds of MWCNTs, but some re-agglomeration of
the functionalized MWCNTs occurs upon the addition of ELO. This effect had a weak impact, with the critical concentration
of the polymer composites (PCs) being 18% higher for those prepared with functionalized MWCNTs than for those prepared
with non-functionalized MWCNTs.
Keywords Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Electrical percolation, Nanoparticles dispersion, Epoxidized linseed oil
1. Introduction
Multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs) are some of the most
widely used nanoparticles for reinforcement in order to
improve the mechanical [1, 2], thermal, tribological [1, 3, 4],
optical and electrical properties of polymer matrices [5, 6].
In particular, recent work has showed that an appropriate
dispersion of the particles is especially important for
obtaining a low concentration threshold [5, 7]. However,
obtaining a stable and homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs
into the polymer matrix is one of the main challenges in the
production of MWCNT-based polymer composites. Good
dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices can be achieved
by means of high power dispersion, compatibilizers,
polymer-assisted melt blending [3, 8], and surfactants,
resulting in the enhancement of the mechanical and thermal
properties. [4, 8-10]. Physical and chemical functionalization
of MWCNTs is also one of the most used strategies due to its
relative simplicity and efficiency for improving the
MWCNT dispersion through better interactions with the
matrix polymer [1, 5, 9-14]. However, depending on the
degree and nature of functionalization, they could degrade
the electrical properties of MWCNTs as demonstrated by
* Corresponding author:
shernandezl@uaemex.mx (S. Hernández López)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/cmaterials
Copyright © 2018 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
Park et al. [15], Lau et al. [10] and Moreno Marcelino [17].
Epoxy resin is a cross-linked polymer extensively used as the
matrix for advanced composites [6, 11, 12] due to its good
specific strength, stiffness, chemical resistance, and
dimensional stability. Because of their high stiffness and
strength, resistance to chemicals, good dielectric behavior,
resistance to corrosion and microbial organisms, low
shrinkage during curing and good thermal features, epoxy
resins are the most important class of thermosetting resins
with multiple engineering applications. Thus, several
research efforts are currently being pursued for the
development of the reinforcement of epoxy matrices with
CNTs. Currently, vegetable oil-based polymers have
attracted attention due to their feasibility for the production
of polymers and composites that are environmentally
friendly with a great variety of reinforcement particles
[18-22]. Epoxidized linseed oil could be easily synthesized
from linseed oil and hydroperoxy acid using several
well-studied methods [23-27]. The obtained ELO could have
an average of 6.0 oxirane rings per molecule and is a
nonvolatile and non-polar liquid that could be thermally
cured to make it a crosslinked, insoluble and
non-processable resin. It could form stable films on several
substrates, and it could be mixed with a great variety of
fillers, including carbon nanoparticles. Most studies have
focused on the evaluation of parameters such as type, size
[28], functionalization, geometry, and purity of the MWCNT,
with the studies of multiple properties, mainly mechanical,