Copyright © IFAC Power Plants and Power Systems Control,
Seoul. Korea. 2003
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COMPARISON OF GENERALIZED NEURON BASED PSS AND ADAPTIVE PSS
D.K. Chaturvedi' O.P. Malik
2
IFacuity of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute,
Dayalbagh, Agra-5, India (e-mail: dkcJoe@redifJmail.com).
2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive, N. w.,
Calgary,AB, Canada, T2N I N4,
(e-mail.·malik@enel.llcalgan... ca).
Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used as intelligent controllers to control
non-linear, dynamic systems through learning, which can easily accommodate the non-
linearities and time dependencies. However, they require large training time and large
number of neurons to deal with comp)ex problems, Taking benefit of the characteristics of a
Generalized Neuron (GN), that requires much smaller training data and shorter training time,
a generalized neuron based PSS (GNPSS) and adaptive PSS (GNAPSS) are developed and
compared. Copyright ©2003 IFAC
Keywords: adaptive PSS, Neural Network, on-line training, Generalized Neuron Controller.
I. INTRODUCfION
Use of a supplementary control signal in the
excitation system and/or the govemor system of a
generating unit can provide extra damping for the
system and thus improve the unit's dynamic
performance (Demello and Laskowski 1979). Power
System Stabilizers (PSSs) aid in maintaining power
system stability and in improving dynamic
performance by providing a supplementary signal to
the excitation system. This is an easy, economical
and flexible way to improve power system stability.
Over the past few decades, PSSs have been
extensively studied and successfully used in the
industry.
The commonly used PSS (CPSS) was first proposed
in the 1950s based on a linear model of the power
system at some operating point to damp the low
frequency oscillations in the system. Linear control
theory was employed as the design tool for the CPSS.
After decades of theoretical studies and field
experiments, this type of PSS has made a great
contribution in enhancing the operating quality of the
power system (Demello et al. 1978, Larsen and Swan
1981 ).
With the development of power systems and
increasing demand for quality electricity, it is
worthwhile looking into the possibility of using
modem control techniques. The linear optimal
control strategy is one possibility that has been
proposed for supplementary excitation controllers
(Ohtsuka et al. 1986).
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Preciseness of the linear model to represent the actual
system and the measurement of some variables are
major obstacles to the application of the optimal
controller in practice. A more reasonable design of
the PSS is based on the adaptive control theory as it
takes into consideration the non-linear and stochastic
characteristics of the power system (Pierre 1987,
Zhang et aI., 1993). This type of stabilizer can adjust
its parameters on-line according to the operating
condition. Many years of intensive studies have
shown that the adaptive stabilizer can not only
provide good damping over a wide operating range
but more importantly, also can solve the coordination
problem among stabilizers. Power systems being
dynamic systems, the response time of the controller
is the key to a good closed loop performance. Many
adaptive control algorithms have been proposed in
the recent years. Generally speaking, the better the
closed loop system performance is desired, the more
complicated the control algorithm becomes, thus
needing more on-line computation time to calculate
the control signal.
More recently, ANNs and fuzzy set theoretic
approach have been proposed for power system
stabilization problems. A number of papers have
been published in the last decade. An illustrative list
is given in (Abido et al 1999; Changroon et al. 2000;
Hiyama and Lim 1989; Husseinzadeh and kalam
1999; Segal et al. 2000; Swidenbank etal 1999; Yaun
1991). Both techniques have their own advantages
and disadvantage. The integration of these
approaches can give improved results. The
commonly used neuron model has been modified to
obtain a generalized neuron (GN) model using fuzzy