633 Copyright © 2018, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 30 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3909-4.ch030 ABSTRACT ERP systems, supporting and integrating all business processes across functions and offering real time information necessary for taking actions and making decisions, have prevailed in most enterprises world- wide. The costs involved in ERP implementations may be huge and must be justified by the outcomes. However, extant research has reported mixed and in some cases controversial results. In this chapter, certain important dimensions of ERP systems and of business performance are discussed. The chapter has an educational focus and aims at providing an exploration of ERP system’s impact on certain busi- ness performance dimensions, informing thus scholars, practitioners and students of the issues involved and the areas they should pay attention when considering ERP implementations. Following an extensive literature review, a classification of diverse studies according to their research focus is provided, which reveals the range of business performance dimensions and can help researchers in their future projects. INTRODUCTION This chapter explores the impact of ERP systems on business performance as reported in literature. Considering the significant investment needed and the total cost occurring in ERP implementations, the impact of ERP systems on business performance is an important subject, especially as many studies in the past have reported mixed results or reached to vague conclusions. For example, according to Beard The Evaluation of Business Performance in ERP Environments Vicky Manthou University of Macedonia, Greece Constantinos J. Stefanou Alexander TEI of Thessaloniki, Greece Kalliopi Tigka University of Macedonia, Greece