World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics, 2023, 13, 90-104
https://www.scirp.org/journal/wjcmp
ISSN Online: 2160-6927
ISSN Print: 2160-6919
DOI: 10.4236/wjcmp.2023.133006 Aug. 4, 2023 90 World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics
A Study on the Efficiency Gain of CsSnGeI
3
Solar
Cells with Graphene Doping
Mohammed M. Shabat
1,2
, Guillaume Zoppi
2
1
Department of Physics, The Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
2
Department of Mathematics, Physics & Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Abstract
This paper presents a newly designed ultra-thin, lead-free, and all-inorganic
solar cell structure. The structure was optimized using the SCAPS-1D simu-
lator, incorporating solid-state layers arranged as n-graphene/CsSnGeI
3
/p-
graphene. The objective was to investigate the potential of utilizing n-graphene
as the electron transport layer and p-graphene as the hole transport layer to
achieve maximum power conversion efficiency. Various materials for the
electron transport layer were evaluated. The optimized cell structure achieved
a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.97%. The proposed solar cell
structure demonstrates promising potential as an efficient, inorganic photo-
voltaic device. These findings provide important insights for developing and
optimizing inorganic photovoltaic cells based on CsSnGeI
3
, with n-graphene
electron transport layers and p-graphene hole transport layers.
Keywords
Perovskite Solar Cells, Efficiency Gain, CsSnGeI
3
Solar Cells, Graphene
Doping, Photovoltaics, Thin-Film Solar Cells, Energy Conversion
1. Introduction
The photovoltaic (PV) market has been growing exponentially for decades with
1 TW of cumulative PV installations reported in 2022 [1] with >1 TW projected
to be added annually from 2030 [2]. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [3] [4] [5] [6]
[7] have gained significant attention due to their high-power conversion effi-
ciency and unique properties. Perovskites are oxides of the chemical formula
ABX
3
, where A and B are two cations of different sizes, and X is an anion to bal-
ance the charges. Perovskite materials [8]-[13] have high absorption coefficients,
low-temperature processing, tuneable bandgaps, long charge carrier diffusion
How to cite this paper: Shabat, M.M. and
Zoppi, G. (2023) A Study on the Efficiency
Gain of CsSnGeI
3
Solar Cells with Graphene
Doping. World Journal of Condensed Mat-
ter Physics, 13, 90-104.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2023.133006
Received: May 19, 2023
Accepted: August 1, 2023
Published: August 4, 2023
Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access