JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES DOI: 10.18311/jnr/2023/32082 SHORT REVIEW A Review on the Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii Silva Shihab, Anu Jacob * , Jissin Mathew, Alina Ann Mathew and A. Shanamitha Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore – 641114, India; anujacob@karunya.edu Abstract Inflammation is significant innate mechanism of immunity in our human system. It enables our body to respond to a variety of stimuli, including ischemic, traumatic, physical, chemical, and infectious impulses. A major contributor to global health challenges and a significant driver of rising health expenditures are inflammatory disorders. Naturally occurring substances as well as its chemical structural analogues with anti-inflammatory potential have been discovered in the recent years. Marine life forms have a myriad source of natural molecules that can invoke inflammation as a defense against pathophysiology of illness. Macro and microalgae have been determined to be an undiscovered resource with pro-and anti-inflammatory compounds. Natural substances found in marine species can be employed in novel interventions as treatment modalities as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and antioxidant capabilities. Among these substances, Kappaphycus alvarezii is one such marine red algae that can be employed therapeutically to possess biological effects that exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity and fewer adverse effects. The expanding desire to research marine seaweeds such as Kappaphycus alvarezii and its phytochemicals has made it possible to find novel substances with the potential to be used in healthcare in the near future. This review envisages the anti-inflammatory properties of marine algae along with phytochemicals discovered in Kappaphycus alvarezii and its biological functionalities. Keywords: Antioxidants, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Phytochemicals, Secondary Metabolites Article Received on: 30.11.2022 Accepted on: 08.05.2023 Revised on: 13.01.2023 1. Introduction Inflammation appears to be the biological response of immune cells in the body. e different factors responsible for inflammation are the microorganisms, chemical components, physical agents, metabolic reactions which result in redness, swelling, chronic pain, or acute pain. ese may stimulate the inflammatory reaction in the lungs, heart, pancreas, brain, reproductive system, kidney, intestinal tract, and liver which possibly leads to various diseases and tissue damage 1 . Pro- inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 promote the upregulation of the inflammatory response. Sensitivity to pathogen- associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns activates the pro-inflammatory response in monocyte-macrophage cells 2 . Due to rising environmental damage and exposure to hazardous substances, inflammation is currently society’s biggest problem. It can be treated by determining its source, removing dead cells, and mending the tissues that have been harmed. ere are occasions when bacteria prevent the tissue from remodelling, which leaves a damaged area where it should not be and causes serious health issues. Anti-inflammatory medications are crucial to the development of human history. e creation of innovative, synthetic drugs with the potential to be anti-inflammatory has seen a recent advance owing to the extraction of key elements from living marine organisms 3 . e natural compounds found in marine organisms help in providing anti-diabetic 4 , anti-inflammatory 5 and *Author for correspondence